Aging in zebrafish is associated with reduced locomotor activity and strain dependent changes in bottom dwelling and thigmotaxis.

Aging is associated with a wide range of physiological and behavioral changes in many species. Zebrafish, like humans, rodents, and birds, exhibits gradual senescence, and thus may be a useful model organism for identifying evolutionarily conserved mechanisms related to aging. Here, we compared behavior in the novel tank test of young (6-month-old) and middle aged (12-month-old) zebrafish from two strains (TL and TU) and both sexes.

Antiangiogenic therapy elicits malignant progression of tumors to increased local invasion and distant metastasis.

Multiple angiogenesis inhibitors have been therapeutically validated in preclinical cancer models, and several in clinical trials. Here we report that angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the VEGF pathway demonstrate antitumor effects in mouse models of pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma and glioblastoma but concomitantly elicit tumor adaptation and progression to stages of greater malignancy, with heightened invasiveness and in some cases increased lymphatic and distant metastasis. Increased invasiveness is also seen by genetic ablation of the Vegf-A gene in both models, substantiating the results of the pharmacological inhibitors.

Surface lattice solitons.

We study theoretically nonlinear surface waves in optical lattices and show that solitons can exist at the heterointerface between two different semi-infinite 1D waveguide arrays, as well as at the boundaries of a 2D nonlinear lattice. The existence and properties of these surface soliton solutions are investigated in detail.

Vector discrete nonlinear surface waves.

It is theoretically shown that multi-component discrete vector surface waves can exist in arrays of coupled waveguides. These mutually trapped surface states primarily reside in the first waveguide of a semi-infinite array. The existence and stability of such surface waves are systematically investigated.

Temperature-dependent genome degradation in the coccoid form of Campylobacter jejuni.

Campylobacter jejuni undergoes a dramatic morphological transformation from a corkscrew-shaped rod to a coccoid form in response to unfavorable conditions. It has been speculated that the coccoid plays an important role in the survival and dissemination of C. jejuni but questions still remain regarding the viability of coccoid cells.

Observation of vortex-ring "discrete" solitons in 2D photonic lattices.

We present the experimental observation of both on-site and off-site vortex-ring solitons of unity topological charge in a nonlinear photonic lattice, along with a theoretical study of their propagation dynamics and stability.

Anisotropic diffraction and elliptic discrete solitons in two-dimensional waveguide arrays.

We demonstrate that both the linear (diffraction) and the nonlinear dynamics of two-dimensional waveguide arrays are considerably more complex and versatile than their one-dimensional counterparts. The discrete diffraction properties of these arrays can be effectively altered, depending on the propagation Bloch k-vector within the first Brillouin zone of the lattice. In general, this diffraction behavior is anisotropic and therefore permits the existence of a new class of discrete elliptic solitons in the nonlinear regime.

Two-dimensional optical lattice solitons.

We study various families of two-dimensional discrete or lattice solitons, and show that they are possible only when their power level exceeds a critical threshold. In addition, we show that gap-lattice solitons exist only when the lattice possesses a complete 2D band gap. Our results suggest that these conditions are universally valid, irrespective of the nature of the nonlinearity or the specific structure of the index lattice.

Discrete vector solitons in Kerr nonlinear waveguide arrays.

We report the first experimental observation of discrete vector solitons in AlGaAs nonlinear waveguide arrays. These self-trapped states are possible through the coexistence of two orthogonally polarized fields and are stable in spite of the presence of four-wave mixing effects. We demonstrate that at sufficiently high power levels the two polarizations lock into a highly localized vector discrete soliton that would have been otherwise impossible in the absence of either one of these two components.

Discrete vector solitons in two-dimensional nonlinear waveguide arrays: solutions, stability, and dynamics.

We identify and investigate bimodal (vector) solitons in models of square-lattice arrays of nonlinear optical waveguides. These vector self-localized states are, in fact, self-induced channels in a nonlinear photonic-crystal matrix. Such two-dimensional discrete vector solitons are possible in waveguide arrays in which each element carries two light beams that are either orthogonally polarized or have different carrier wavelengths.

The detection of endocervical gland involvement by high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in smears prepared from endocervical brush specimens.

The cytologic features of squamous cell carcinoma in situ with endocervical gland involvement have been described in cervical smears. We evaluated the presence of two types of cellular fragments in 43 cervical smears of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL) to assess their ability to predict glandular involvement by HGSIL in subsequent cone biopsies. An endocervical brush was used to obtain all endocervical specimens.

Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in cytologic specimens using various fixatives.

Estrogen and progesterone receptor reactivity may be useful in identifying possible primary sites of metastatic disease or directing therapy in tumors of the female genital tract, including breast, ovary, and endometrium. Various methods have been described for the immunocytochemical evaluation of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status of cytologic specimens but our results have been variable. We evaluated the effectiveness of various fixatives [cytospin collection fluid, Shandon, Pittsburgh, PA (SH); ethanol (ETH); and formalin (FOR)] for fixation of smears (SM) and cell block (CB) material.

Predictors of human papilloma virus in patients with keratinization.

Given the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, an attempt was made to determine whether certain factors such as keratinization and/or squamous atypia are associated with its development. Review of our gynecologic cytology files from 1989 yielded 1,615 specimens showing parakeratosis and/or hyperkeratosis, without cytologic evidence of HPV. Concomitant diagnoses included no atypia [keratinization only (KO)], inflammatory squamous atypia (ISA), and squamous atypia (SA).

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium.

Ten cases of endometrial small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma are described. The ages of the patients ranged from 50 to 75 years (mean, 64 years). Most of the tumors were bulky, intraluminal masses that invaded at least half of the myometrial wall.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of myeloid leukemia infiltrates (granulocytic sarcomas) in formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.

Paraffin sections of granulocytic sarcomas (GS) (n = 30) were immunohistochemically evaluated for CD3, CD15 (LeuM1), CD20 (L26), CD31, CD34, CD43, CD45, CD68 (KP1), lysozyme, myeloperoxidase (BM1), CD45RO (UCHL1), and LN5 with an avidin-biotin amplification system and a peroxidase-based color development system with DAB as a chromogen. CD45 positivity was present in all lymphomas and 24 of 25 granulocytic sarcomas. Lysozyme and CD43 labeled 26 of 29 granulocytic sarcomas, showing intense cytoplasmic staining.

Evaluation of serum immunoglobulins by protein electrophoresis and rate nephelometry before and after therapeutic plasma exchange.

One hundred fourteen pre- and postplasma exchange (PE) serum protein electrophoretograms and serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels obtained during a 4-month period from 23 patients were evaluated. The interval between PE sessions varied from once daily to approximately once monthly. Typically, post-PE patterns had decreased alpha-1, decreased alpha-2, decreased beta, and decreased gamma fractions.