Capturing differences in the release potential of dissolved organic matter from biochar and hydrochar: Insights from component characterization and molecular identification.

Biochar and hydrochar have garnered widespread attention owing to their excellent performance in environmental remediation, carbon sequestration, and resource utilization from biowaste. Studies on the release potential of dissolved organic matter (DOM) have been limited, and the distinction between biochar and hydrochar remains unclear. In this study, pine sawdust was utilized as a model precursor with the aim of comparing the release quantity, components, and properties of DOM from biochar (BDOM) and hydrochar (HDOM) under various simulated conditions.

Efficient Production of Self-Assembled Bioconjugate Nanovaccines against O2 Serotype in Engineered .

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been surfacing as a pivotal platform for vaccine development. In our previous work, we developed a cholera toxin B subunit (CTB)-based self-assembled nanoparticle (CNP) and produced highly promising bioconjugate nanovaccines by loading bacterial polysaccharide (OPS) in vivo. In particular, the O2 serotype vaccine showcased a potent immune response and protection against infection.

Bacteria-imprinted impedimetric sensor based on doping-induced nanostructured polypyrrole for determination of Escherichia coli.

A simple and label-free bacteria-imprinted impedimetric (BIP) sensor for the sensitive measurement of Escherichia coli has been developed. The BIP sensor is fabricated by one-step electropolymerization of pyrrole (functional monomer), copper phthalocyanine-3, 4', 4'', 4'''-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs, dopant), and target bacteria (E. coli O157:H7) on a glassy carbon electrode.

Enhancement of Immune Response of Bioconjugate Nanovaccine by Loading of CpG through Click Chemistry.

CpG is a widely used adjuvant that enhances the cellular immune response by entering antigen-presenting cells and binding with receptors. The traditional physical mixing of the antigen and CpG adjuvant results in a low adjuvant utilization rate. Considering the efficient delivery capacity of nanovaccines, we developed an attractive strategy to covalently load CpG onto the nanovaccine, which realized the co-delivery of both CpG and the antigen.

Construction of Orthogonal Modular Proteinaceous Nanovaccine Delivery Vectors Based on mSA-Biotin Binding.

Proteinaceous nanovaccine delivery systems have significantly promoted the development of various high-efficiency vaccines. However, the widely used method of coupling the expression of scaffolds and antigens may result in their structural interference with each other. Monovalent streptavidin (mSA) is a short monomer sequence, which has a strong affinity for biotin.

Potassium hydroxide-modified algae-based biochar for the removal of sulfamethoxazole: Sorption performance and mechanisms.

Biochar has been deemed one of the most promising sorbents for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solution. In this study, potassium hydroxide-modified Enteromorpha prolifera biochars (PEBCs) were prepared for the first time and applied for efficient sorption of a typical antibiotic, sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The characteristics of PEBCs, including morphology, pore structure, graphitization degree, surface functional groups, and surface element composition, were investigated.

One-pot pyrolysis of a typical invasive plant into nitrogen-doped biochars for efficient sorption of phthalate esters from aqueous solution.

Invasive plants pose a significant threat to natural ecosystems because of their high adaptability, rapid propagation and spreading ability in the environment. In this study, a typical aquatic invasive plant, Pistia stratiotes, was chosen as a novel feedstock for the preparation of nitrogen-doped biochars (NBs) for the first time, and the NBs were used as efficient sorbents to remove phthalate esters (PAEs) from aqueous solution. Characterization results showed that NBs possess great pore structure (up to 126.

Standardized Shiga-Toxin Encoding Genes Real-Time PCR Screening Methods Comparison and Development of an Internally Controlled Assay for Pan-stx2 Detection.

Background: Various primer and probe sets have been developed and standardized, but certain sets may have low efficiency or miss some stx-subtypes.

Objective: To compare the efficiency of the recommended stx screening primers and probe sets in four standardized methods and develop a new primers and probe system with an internal amplification control (IAC) for all known stx2 subtypes.

Method: The inclusivity and specificity of recommended screening primers and probe sets in four standardized methods were compared.

Nitrogen-doped porous biochar derived from marine algae for efficient solid-phase microextraction of chlorobenzenes from aqueous solution.

Nitrogen-doped porous biochar (NPB) with a large specific surface area, wide pore size distribution, graphitized structure, nitrogen doping, and hydrophobicity was fabricated by high-temperature modification of algal biochar with potassium carbonate. This NPB was then uniformly coated on stainless steel wire as a novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. The extraction efficiency of NPB-coated fiber for seven chlorobenzenes (CBs) was excellent; it was 1.

Correction to: Combined use of calcium nitrate, zeolite, and anion exchange resin for controlling phosphorus and nitrogen release from sediment and for overcoming disadvantage of calcium nitrate addition technology.

The correct presentation fig. 8a is presented in this paper.

Combined use of calcium nitrate, zeolite, and anion exchange resin for controlling phosphorus and nitrogen release from sediment and for overcoming disadvantage of calcium nitrate addition technology.

Ca(NO) addition has proved to have a high potential to immobilize internal phosphorus (P) in sediments; however, it cannot effectively stop the release of ammonium-nitrogen (NH-N) from sediments into overlying waters (OL-waters). Additionally, the addition of Ca(NO) alone has high risk of nitrate-nitrogen (NO-N) releasing into OL-waters. To overcome the shortcoming of the Ca(NO) addition method, we reported an integrated method, i.

Assessment of iron-modified calcite/zeolite mixture as a capping material to control sedimentary phosphorus and nitrogen liberation.

Calcite/zeolite mixture (CZ) can be used to construct a capping layer for the simultaneous management of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) liberation from sediments into the overlying water (OVER-water). However, its control efficiency of sedimentary P release still needs to be improved. To address this issue, an iron-modified CZ (Fe-CZ) was synthesized, characterized, and employed as a capping material to simultaneously prevent P and N release from sediments into OVER-water.

Assessment of sediment capping with zirconium-modified bentonite to intercept phosphorus release from sediments.

Three different types of zirconium-modified bentonites (ZrMBs) including zirconium-modified original bentonite (ZrMOB), zirconium-modified magnesium-pretreated bentonite (ZrMMgB), and zirconium-modified calcium-pretreated bentonite (ZrMCaB) were synthesized and used as active covering materials to suppress the release of phosphorus (P) from sediments. To assess the covering efficiency of ZrMBs to inhibit P release from sediments, we examined the impact of ZrMB covering layer on P mobilization in sediments at different depths as well as the release of P through the interface between sediment and overlying water (SWI) by use of simulating P release control experiments and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technology. The results showed that the amount of soluble reactive P (SRP) in the overlying water greatly decreased after covering with ZrMBs.

Isolation of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale leaves and anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells.

Dendrobium officinale stem is rich in polysaccharides, which play a great role in the medicinal effects of this plant. However, little was known about the polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale leaves. Two kinds of polysaccharides in the leaves, DLP-1 and DLP-2, were obtained by hot water extraction, alcohol sedimentation and chromatographic separation (DEAE-52 cellulose column and Sephadex G-100 column).

[Concentrations and pollution assessment of mercury in farmland soil of Xinqiao Mining Area of Tongling, Anhui, China.].

To investigate the effects of mining activities on mercury (Hg) enrichment in farmland soil, soil samples were collected from four villages (Xinjian Village, Yehu Village, Xinhu Village and Hucheng Village) in the vicinity of Xinqiao Mining Area, Tongling. Hg concentration was measured by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer. The geo-accumulation index was used to evaluate the Hg pollution level of the soils.

A second generation SNP and SSR integrated linkage map and QTL mapping for the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.

The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis is the most economically important cultivated crab species in China, and its genome has a high number of chromosomes (2n = 146). To obtain sufficient markers for construction of a dense genetic map for this species, we employed the recently developed specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) method for large-scale SNPs screening and genotyping in a F1 full-sib family of 149 individuals. SLAF-seq generated 127,677 polymorphic SNP markers, of which 20,803 valid markers were assigned into five segregation types and were used together with previous SSR markers for linkage map construction.

Effects of 3 Feeding Modes on the Volatile and Nonvolatile Compounds in the Edible Tissues of Female Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

To reveal the impact of different feeding modes on the flavor quality of female Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) this study was conducted to compare the sensory evaluation scores, flavor compounds in meat and hepatopancreas of female E. sinensis fed with 3 feeding modes, that is, natural diets (NDs), traditional diets (TDs), and formulated diets (FDs). The result showed that crabs fed with ND had significantly lower sensory scores than the other 2 feeding modes in both edible tissues.

Comparison of flavour qualities of three sourced Eriocheir sinensis.

Flavour qualities of three edible parts of three types of Chinese mitten crab from different areas were examined. The flavour profiles detected by E-tongue and E-nose showed that differences existed in tastes and odours among wild-caught crabs (WC), Yangcheng crabs (YC) and Chongming crabs (CM). The total free amino acids contents of WC were all at the highest level in meat, gonads and hepatopancreas.

Characterization of important odorants in steamed male Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry.

Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) from Yangcheng Lake in Jiangsu Province is a popular species due to its unique pleasant aroma and intensive umami taste. In this study, odorants in steamed male E. sinensis were investigated using the headspace-monolithic material sorptive extraction technique coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O).

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae).

We determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis by using long polymerase chain reaction method. The total length of S. nigripinnis mitogenome is 16,680 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and a noncoding control region.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae).

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). This mitochondrial genome, consisting of 16,612 base pairs (bp), encoded genes for 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and one non-coding control region as those found in other vertebrates, with the gene order identical to that of typical vertebrates. The control region, of 941 bp in length, is located between tRNA (Pro) and tRNA (Phe) .