Emergency department CT examinations demonstrate no evidence of early viral circulation at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic-a multicentre epidemiological study.

Background: Biological studies suggested that the COVID-19 outbreak in France occurred before the first official diagnosis on January 24, 2020. We investigated this controversial topic using a large collection of chest CTs performed throughout French emergency departments within 6 months before the 1st lockdown.

Results: Overall, 49,311 consecutive patients (median age: 60 years, 23,636/49,311 [47.

How artificial intelligence improves radiological interpretation in suspected pulmonary embolism.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic performances of a commercialized artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) on CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) with those of emergency radiologists in routine clinical practice.

Methods: This was an IRB-approved retrospective multicentric study including patients with suspected PE from September to December 2019 (i.e.

Left atrial shape is independent predictor of arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: A shape statistics study.

Background: Markers of left atrial (LA) shape may improve the prediction of postablation outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF). Correlations to LA volume and AF persistence limit their incremental value over current clinical predictors.

Objective: To develop a shape score independent from AF persistence and LA volume using shape-based statistics, and to test its ability to predict postablation outcome.

Emergency teleradiological activity is an epidemiological estimator and predictor of the covid-19 pandemic in mainland France.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for real-time monitoring of diseases evolution to rapidly adapt restrictive measures. This prospective multicentric study aimed at investigating radiological markers of COVID-19-related emergency activity as global estimators of pandemic evolution in France. We incorporated two sources of data from March to November 2020: an open-source epidemiological dataset, collecting daily hospitalisations, intensive care unit admissions, hospital deaths and discharges, and a teleradiology dataset corresponding to the weekly number of CT-scans performed in 65 emergency centres and interpreted remotely.

Practical clinical and radiological models to diagnose COVID-19 based on a multicentric teleradiological emergency chest CT cohort.

Our aim was to develop practical models built with simple clinical and radiological features to help diagnosing Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] in a real-life emergency cohort. To do so, 513 consecutive adult patients suspected of having COVID-19 from 15 emergency departments from 2020-03-13 to 2020-04-14 were included as long as chest CT-scans and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were available (244 [47.6%] with a positive RT-PCR).

The accuracy of teleradiologists in diagnosing COVID-19 based on a French multicentric emergency cohort.

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of diagnoses of COVID-19 based on chest CT as well as inter-observer agreement between teleradiologists during on-call duty and senior radiologists in suspected COVID-19 patients.

Materials And Methods: From March 13, 2020, to April 14, 2020, consecutive suspected COVID-19 adult patients who underwent both an RT-PCR test and chest CT from 15 hospitals were included in this prospective study. Chest CTs were immediately interpreted by the on-call teleradiologist and were systematically blind reviewed by a senior radiologist.

OCT and CMR for the Diagnosis of Patients Presenting With MINOCA and Suspected Epicardial Causes.

Objectives: Among all patients presenting with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), epicardial causes may be suspected when there is a correlation between electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and regional wall motion abnormalities (WMAs). We evaluated the diagnostic yield of intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in this specific setting.

Background: OCT is able to identify different morphologic features of coronary plaques that are well known causes of MINOCA.

COVID-19 impact assessment on the French radiological centers: a nationwide survey.

Purpose: To determine the impact of the COVID-19 on the CT activities in French radiological centers during the epidemic peak.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional prospective CT scan survey was conducted between March 16 and April 12, 2020, in accordance with the local IRB. Seven hundred nine radiology centers were invited to participate in a weekly online survey.

High-Resolution Late Gadolinium Enhancement Magnetic Resonance for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructed Coronary Arteries.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) including high-resolution (HR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging using a 3-dimensional respiratory-navigated method in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructed coronary arteries (MINOCA).

Background: CMR plays a pivotal role for the diagnosis of patients with MINOCA. However, the diagnosis remains inconclusive in a significant number of patients, the results of CMR being either negative or uncertain (i.

Focal scar and diffuse myocardial fibrosis are independent imaging markers in repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

Aims: To identify the correlates of focal scar and diffuse fibrosis in patients with history of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair.

Methods And Results: Consecutive patients with prior TOF repair underwent electrocardiogram, 24-h Holter, transthoracic echocardiography, exercise testing, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) including cine imaging to assess ventricular volumes and ejection fraction, T1 mapping to assess left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) diffuse fibrosis, and free-breathing late gadolinium-enhanced imaging to quantify scar area at high spatial resolution. Structural imaging data were related to clinical characteristics and functional imaging markers.

Relationship between atrial scar on cardiac magnetic resonance and pulmonary vein reconnection after catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: Pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection is frequent in patients showing atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after PV isolation (PVI). Its detection with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) may help predict outcome and guide redo procedures. We assessed the relationship between scar on CMR and PV reconnection after catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF.

Clinical and genetic heterogeneity in familial steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Familial steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) is a rare condition. The disease pathophysiology remains elusive. However, bi-allelic mutations in the EMP2 gene were identified, and specific variations in HLA-DQA1 were linked to a high risk of developing the disease.

Mutation Update of the CLCN5 Gene Responsible for Dent Disease 1.

Dent disease is a rare X-linked tubulopathy characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis and/or nephrolithiasis, progressive renal failure, and variable manifestations of other proximal tubule dysfunctions. It often progresses over a few decades to chronic renal insufficiency, and therefore molecular characterization is important to allow appropriate genetic counseling. Two genetic subtypes have been described to date: Dent disease 1 is caused by mutations of the CLCN5 gene, coding for the chloride/proton exchanger ClC-5; and Dent disease 2 by mutations of the OCRL gene, coding for the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase OCRL-1.

Age, atrial fibrillation, and structural heart disease are the main determinants of left atrial fibrosis detected by delayed-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in a general cardiology population.

Introduction: We studied the extent and distribution of left atrial (LA) fibrosis on delayed-enhanced (DE) MRI in a general cardiology population.

Methods And Results: One hundred ninety consecutive patients referred for cardiac MRI underwent DE imaging using a free breathing method. The population comprised 60 AF patients and 130 patients without AF, including 75 with structural heart disease (SHD).

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of childhood-onset ANCA-associated vasculitis: a French nationwide study.

Background: Data on anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis are scarce in children. The current study is aimed at describing the clinical features and outcomes of childhood-onset ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective French multicentre study involving patients in whom AAV was diagnosed before the age of 18 years.

C3 nephritic factor associated with C3 glomerulopathy in children.

Background: C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is characterized by predominant C3 deposits in glomeruli and dysregulation of the alternative pathway of complement. Half of C3G patients have a C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF). C3G incorporated entities with a range of features on microscopy including dense deposit diseases (DDD) and C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN).

Kidney transplant with multiple renal artery grafts from deceased donors: are long-term graft and patient survival compromised?

Background: Kidneys with multiple arteries are often transplanted. However, the long-term outcome of such kidneys recovered exclusively from deceased donors is not clear.

Objective: To determine whether use of renal grafts with multiple arteries affects long-term graft survival and function.

Renal resistive index as a new independent risk factor for new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation.

Pulse pressure and urinary albumin excretion were recently identified as risk factors of new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation (NODAT), suggesting that microvascular injury may be implicated in NODAT. However, the relationship between of microvascular injury and NODAT is unknown. In the present long-term (median follow-up: 5.

An unusual case of central venous catheter-related bacteremia.

Some hemodialysed patients need definitive central venous catheterization. One of the main complications is catheter infection, and each infection must be treated. We report a case of an unusual cause of central venous catheter (CVC) infection: physical examination and catheter opacification demonstrated two pin-holes in the catheter.

Doubling of serum creatinine in clinical trials, cost-effectiveness studies, and individual patients: adequate use in renal transplantation.

Background: The predictive value of doubling of serum creatinine (DSC) has never been assessed in renal transplantation. We evaluated it in terms of its use for clinical trials, cost-effectiveness studies, and individual patients.

Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study in 896 renal transplant recipients.

Spectrum of mutations in Gitelman syndrome.

Gitelman's syndrome (GS) is a rare, autosomal recessive, salt-losing tubulopathy caused by mutations in the SLC12A3 gene, which encodes the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC). Because 18 to 40% of suspected GS patients carry only one SLC12A3 mutant allele, large genomic rearrangements may account for unidentified mutations. Here, we directly sequenced genomic DNA from a large cohort of 448 unrelated patients suspected of having GS.

Interferon gamma licensing of human dendritic cells in T-helper-independent CD8+ alloimmunity.

The high frequency of allogeneic reactive CD8(+) T cells in human and their resistance to immunosuppression might be one of the reasons why successful tolerance-inducing strategies in rodents have failed in primates. Studies on the requirement for T-helper cells in priming CD8(+) T-cell responses have led to disparate findings. Recent studies have reported CD8(+)-mediated allograft rejection independently of T-helper cells; however, the mechanisms that govern the activation of these T cells are far from being elucidated.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: risk factor for nonmelanoma skin cancer following kidney transplantation.

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are the most common malignant tumors following solid organ transplantation. Risk factors for NMSC mainly include immunosuppression, age, sun exposure and patient phototype. Recent findings have suggested that autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may increase the risk of developing NMSC.

Genotype-phenotype correlation in primary hyperoxaluria type 1: the p.Gly170Arg AGXT mutation is associated with a better outcome.

We sought to ascertain the long-term outcome and genotype-phenotype correlations available for primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in a large retrospective cohort study. We examined the clinical history of 155 patients (129 families primarily from Western Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East) as well as the enzymatic or genetic diagnosis. The median age at first symptom was 4 years, and at diagnosis 7.