HIV status and lay bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiation for witnessed cardiac arrest.

Introduction: Early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by bystanders of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) significantly improves survival and neurological outcomes. However, misconceptions about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission risk during CPR can deter lay bystanders from performing resuscitation. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of CPR initiation by lay bystanders who witnessed OHCA in subjects with and without HIV infection.

Association between cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest according: a first nationwide study in France.

Objective: Determining whether to pursue or terminate resuscitation efforts remains one of the biggest challenges of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). No ideal cut-off duration has been recommended and the association between CPR duration and survival is still unclear for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The aim of this study was to assess the association between CPR duration and 30-day survival after OHCA with favorable neurological outcomes according to initial rhythm.

Improving EMS response times for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in urban areas using drone-like vertical take-off and landing air ambulances: An international, simulation-based cohort study.

Background: Advances in vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) technologies may enable drone-like crewed air ambulances to rapidly respond to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in urban areas. We estimated the impact of incorporating VTOL air ambulances on OHCA response intervals in two large urban centres in France and Canada.

Methods: We included adult OHCAs occurring between Jan.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occurring at school in France: A nation-wide retrospective cohort study from the RéAC registry.

Aim: We sought to describe the characteristics of at-school out-of-hospital cardiac arrests cases, subsequent basic life support, as well as ultimate patient outcomes.

Methods: This was a nation-wide, multicentre, retrospective cohort study from the French national population-based RéAC out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry (July 2011 - March 2023). We compared the characteristics and outcomes of cases occurring at schools vs.

Association between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival in paediatric traumatic population: results from the French national registry.

Background And Importance: Trauma is an important cause of paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with a high mortality rate.

Objectives: The first aim of this study was to compare the survival rate at day 30 and at hospital discharge following paediatric traumatic and medical OHCA. The second aim was to compare the rates of return of spontaneous circulation and survival rates at hospital admission (Day 0).

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Prevents Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced White Matter Injury in Sickle Cell Mice.

Occlusion of cerebral blood vessels causes acute cerebral hypoxia-an important trigger of ischemic white matter injury and stroke in sickle cell disease (SCD). While chronic hypoxia triggers compensatory neuroprotection via insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), severe bouts of acute hypoxia and subsequent restoration of blood flow (hypoxia/reoxygenation, H/R) overwhelm compensatory mechanisms and cause neuroaxonal damage-identified as white matter lesions-in the brain. The neuroprotective role of IGF-1 in the pathogenesis of white matter injury in SCD has not been investigated; however, it is known that systemic IGF-1 is reduced in individuals with SCD.

Bystander basic life support and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A propensity score matching analysis.

Introduction And Objectives: In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, early recognition, calling for emergency medical assistance, and early cardiopulmonary resuscitation are acknowledged to be the three most important components in the chain of survival. However, bystander basic life support (BLS) initiation rates remain low. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between bystander BLS and survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Risk of Admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Infections.

Background: The severity of SARS-CoV-2-related diseases in children remains unclear. This study aimed to describe the incidence of French pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) admissions with acute COVID-19, incidental positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) during the delta and omicron variant periods.

Methods: This study used the French PICU registry to obtain data on all patients admitted to 41 French PICUs diagnosed with acute COVID-19, incidental positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, or MIS-C between August 30, 2021 and April 20, 2022.

Severity of illness and organ dysfunction scoring systems in pediatric critical care: The impacts on clinician's practices and the future.

Severity and organ dysfunction (OD) scores are increasingly used in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). Therefore, this review aims to provide 1/ an updated state-of-the-art of severity scoring systems and OD scores in pediatric critical care, which explains 2/ the performance measurement tools and the significance of each tool in clinical practice and provides 3/ the usefulness, limits, and impact on future scores in PICU. The following two pediatric systems have been proposed: the PRISMIV, is used to collect data between 2 h before PICU admission and the first 4 h after PICU admission; the PIM3, is used to collect data during the first hour after PICU admission.

Association between location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, on-scene socioeconomic status, and accessibility to public automated defibrillators in two large metropolitan areas in Canada and France.

Aim: To compare walking access times to automated external defibrillators (AEDs) between area-level quintiles of socioeconomic status (SES) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cases occurring in 2 major urban regions of Canada and France.

Methods: This was an international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study of adult, non-traumatic OHCA cases in the metropolitan Vancouver (Canada) and Rhône County (France) regions that occurred between 2014 and 2018. We calculated area-level SES for each case, using quintiles of country-specific scores (Q5 = most deprived).

High dose of epinephrine does not improve survival of children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Results from the French National Cardiac Arrest Registry.

Objectives: The pediatric resuscitation guidelines recommend the use of 0. 01 mg kg epinephrine during a cardiac arrest; an epinephrine dose higher than that is not recommended. The first aim of this study was to determine the administration rate of high epinephrine dose during pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Identification of micro-organism from positive blood cultures: comparison of three different short culturing methods to the Rapid Sepsityper workflow.

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The rapid identification (ID) of the causative micro-organisms is crucial for the patients' clinical outcome. MALDI-TOF MS has been widely investigated to speed up the time-to-report for ID from positive blood cultures, and many different procedures and protocols were developed, all of them attributable either to the direct separation of microbial cells from the blood cells, or to a short subculture approach.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in pregnant women: A 55-patient French cohort study.

Aim: To describe a cohort of pregnant women having suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and to compare them with nonpregnant women of childbearing age having suffered OHCA.

Methods: Study data were extracted from the French National OHCA Registry between 2011 and 2021. We compared patients in terms of characteristics, care and survival.

Effect of sodium bicarbonate on functional outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a post-hoc analysis of a French and North-American dataset.

Background And Importance: No large randomised controlled trial has assessed the potential benefits on neurologic outcomes of prehospital sodium bicarbonate administration in patients with nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Objective: To obtain information of assistance in designing a randomised controlled trial of bicarbonate therapy after OHCA in specific patient subgroups.

Design: We conducted two, separate, simultaneous, retrospective studies of two distinct, unlinked datasets.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children by COVID-19 Vaccination Status of Adolescents in France.

This study examines the risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children among those aged 12 years or older by COVID-19 vaccination status during September 2021 and October 2021 in France.

Effect of adrenaline dose on neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide propensity score analysis.

Background: Adrenaline is recommended during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. The optimal dose remains debated, and the effect of lower than recommended dose is unknown.

Objective: To compare the outcome of patients treated with the recommended, lower or higher cumulative doses of adrenaline.

A national population-based study of patients, bystanders and contextual factors associated with resuscitation in witnessed cardiac arrest: insight from the french RéAC registry.

Background: In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), bystander initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increases the chance of return of spontaneous circulation and survival with a favourable neurological status. Socioeconomic disparities have been highlighted in OHCA field. In areas with the lowest average socioeconomic status, OHCA incidence increased, and bystander CPR decreased.

Prehospital predictors for return of spontaneous circulation in traumatic cardiac arrest.

Background: Traumatic cardiac arrests (TCAs) are associated with high mortality and the majority of deaths occur at the prehospital scene. The aim of the present study was to assess, in a prehospital physician-led emergency medical system, the factors associated with sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in TCA, including advanced life procedures. The secondary objectives were to assess factors associated with 30-day survival in TCA, evaluate neurological recovery in survivors, and describe the frequency of organ donation among patients experiencing a TCA.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: No Survivors.

Objectives: To describe and compare survival among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as a function of their status for coronavirus disease 2019.

Design: We performed an observational study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients between March 2020 and December 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 status (confirmed, suspected, or negative) was defined according to the World Health Organization's criteria.

Endotracheal intubation versus supraglottic procedure in paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a registry-based study.

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in children is associated with a low survival rate. Conclusions in the literature are conflicting regarding the best way to handle ventilation. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of two airway management strategies, endotracheal intubation (ETI) vs.

Impact of puberty as threshold to differentiate outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care groups: a nationwide observational study in France.

Background: Since 2005, the international guidelines for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) use puberty to differentiate paediatric and adult care. This threshold is mainly relied on the more frequent respiratory aetiologies in children. Hitherto, to the best of our knowledge, no study has compared the characteristics and outcomes of non-pubescent children, adolescents and adult patients with OHCA.

Thermal Disinfection Validation: The Relationship Between A0 and Microbial Reduction.

Validating a thermal disinfection process for the processing of medical devices using moist heat via direct temperature monitoring is a conservative approach and has been established as the A0 method. Traditional use of disinfection challenge microorganisms and testing techniques, although widely used and applicable for chemical disinfection studies, do not provide as robust a challenge for testing the efficacy of a thermal disinfection process. Considerable research has been established in the literature to demonstrate the relationship between the thermal resistance of microorganisms to inactivation and the A0 method formula.

Rationale, development and implementation of the ReACanROC registry for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in France and Canada.

France and Canada prehospital systems and care delivery in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) show substantial differences. This article aims to describe the rationale, design, implementation and expected research implications of the international, population-based, France-Canada registry for OHCAs, namely ReACanROC, which is built from the merging of two nation-wide, population-based, Utstein-style prospectively implemented registries for OHCAs attended to by emergency medical services. Under the supervision of an international steering committee and research network, the ReACanROC dataset will be used to run in-depth analyses on the differences in organisational, practical and geographic predictors of survival after OHCA between France and Canada.

Towards The Automated, Empirical Filtering of Drug-Drug Interaction Alerts in Clinical Decision Support Systems: Historical Cohort Study of Vitamin K Antagonists.

Background: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) constitute an important cause of in-hospital morbidity and mortality. However, the list of potential DDIs is long; the implementation of all these interactions in a clinical decision support system (CDSS) results in over-alerting and alert fatigue, limiting the benefits provided by the CDSS.

Objective: To estimate the probability of occurrence of international normalized ratio (INR) changes for each DDI rule, via the reuse of electronic health records.