Time-Resolved Diamond Magnetic Microscopy of Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles.

Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are promising probes for biomedical imaging, but the heterogeneity of their magnetic properties is difficult to characterize with existing methods. Here, we perform wide-field imaging of the stray magnetic fields produced by hundreds of isolated ∼30 nm SPIONs using a magnetic microscope based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. By analyzing the SPION magnetic field patterns as a function of the applied magnetic field, we observe substantial field-dependent transverse magnetization components that are typically obscured with ensemble characterization methods.

Molecular Hydrophobicity Signature in Charged Bidimensional Clay Materials.

The unraveling of the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity molecular signature of nanometric bidimensional confined systems represents a challenging task with repercussions in environmental transport processes. Swelling clay minerals represent an ideal model system, as hydrophobicity can be modified during material synthesis by substituting hydroxyls by fluorine in the structure, without additional surface treatment. This following work presents a combined approach, integrating experimental inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, with the objective of advancing our understanding of the role of surface hydroxylation/fluorination and the extent of confinement on water properties.

A continuous approach of modeling tumorigenesis and axons regulation for the pancreatic cancer.

The pancreatic innervation undergoes dynamic remodeling during the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Denervation experiments have shown that different types of axons can exert either pro- or anti-tumor effects, but conflicting results exist in the literature, leaving the overall influence of the nervous system on PDAC incompletely understood. To address this gap, we propose a continuous mathematical model of nerve-tumor interactions that allows in silico simulation of denervation at different phases of tumor development.

Exploiting correlations across trials and behavioral sessions to improve neural decoding.

Traditional neural decoders model the relationship between neural activity and behavior within individual trials of a single experimental session, neglecting correlations across trials and sessions. However, animals exhibit similar neural activities when performing the same behavioral task, and their behaviors are influenced by past experiences from previous trials. To exploit these informative correlations in large datasets, we introduce two complementary models: a multi-session reduced-rank model that shares similar behaviorally-relevant statistical structure in neural activity across sessions to improve decoding, and a multi-session state-space model that shares similar behavioral statistical structure across trials and sessions.

The subchronic toxicity of higher olefins in Han Wistar rats.

Higher olefins (HO) are a category of unsaturated hydrocarbons widely used in industry applications to make products essential for daily human life. Establishing safe exposure limits requires a solid data matrix that facilitates understanding of their toxicological profile. This in turn allows for data to be read across to other members of the category, which are structurally similar and have predictable physico-chemical properties.

Lactate and base excess (BE) as markers of hypoperfusion and mortality in traumatic hemorrhagic shock in patients undergoing Damage Control: a historical cohort.

Introduction: hemorrhagic shock is a significant cause of trauma-related deaths in Brazil and worldwide. This study aims to compare BE and lactate values at ICU admission and twenty-four hours after in identifying tissue hypoperfusion and mortality.

Methods: examines a historical cohort of trauma patients over eitheen years old submittet to damage control resuscitation approch upon hospital admission and were then admitted to the ICU.

Discovery of Latent Cannabichromene Cyclase Activity in Marine Bacterial Flavoenzymes.

Production of phytocannabinoids remains an area of active scientific interest due to the growing use of cannabis by the public and the underexplored therapeutic potential of the over 100 minor cannabinoids. While phytocannabinoids are biosynthesized by and other select plants and fungi, structural analogs and stereoisomers can only be accessed synthetically or through heterologous expression. To date, the bioproduction of cannabinoids has required eukaryotic hosts like yeast since key, native oxidative cyclization enzymes do not express well in bacterial hosts.

Super-Resolution Diamond Magnetic Microscopy of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles.

Scanning-probe and wide-field magnetic microscopes based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have enabled advances in the study of biology and materials, but each method has drawbacks. Here, we implement an alternative method for nanoscale magnetic microscopy based on optical control of the charge state of NV centers in a dense layer near the diamond surface. By combining a donut-beam super-resolution technique with optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we imaged the magnetic fields produced by single 30 nm iron-oxide nanoparticles.

A mixture-like model for tumor-immune system interactions.

We introduce a mathematical model based on mixture theory intended to describe the tumor-immune system interactions within the tumor microenvironment. The equations account for the geometry of the tumor expansion, and the displacement of the immune cells, driven by diffusion and chemotactic mechanisms. They also take into account the constraints in terms of nutrient and oxygen supply.

Toxicological Assessment of Higher Olefins in OECD TG 422 Repeated Dose and Reproductive /Developmental Toxicity Screening Tests in Han Wistar Rats.

Higher olefins (HO) are used primarily as intermediates in the production of other chemicals, such as polymers, fatty acids, plasticizer alcohols, surfactants, lubricants, amine oxides, and detergent alcohols. The potential toxicity of five HO (i.e.

Super-resolution diamond magnetic microscopy of superparamagnetic nanoparticles.

Scanning-probe and wide-field magnetic microscopes based on Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have enabled remarkable advances in the study of biology and materials, but each method has drawbacks. Here, we implement an alternative method for nanoscale magnetic microscopy based on optical control of the charge state of NV centers in a dense layer near the diamond surface. By combining a donut-beam super-resolution technique with optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we imaged the magnetic fields produced by single 30-nm iron-oxide nanoparticles.

Penicillium and Talaromyces spp. emerging pathogens in dogs since 1990s.

Penicillium and Talaromyces spp. are environmental saprophytic molds rarely encountered as infectious agents in humans and animals. This article summarizes the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of proven infections caused by Penicillium or Talaromyces in four dogs in France.

Enzymatic Halogenation of Terminal Alkynes.

The biosynthetic installation of halogen atoms is largely performed by oxidative halogenases that target a wide array of electron-rich substrates, including aromatic compounds and conjugated systems. Halogenated alkyne-containing molecules are known to occur in Nature; however, halogen atom installation on the terminus of an alkyne has not been demonstrated in enzyme catalysis. Herein, we report the discovery and characterization of an alkynyl halogenase in natural product biosynthesis.

Phosphodiesterases type 2, 3 and 4 promote vascular tone in mesenteric arteries from rats with heart failure.

Phosphodiesterases (PDE) type 3 and 4 promote vasoconstriction by hydrolysing cAMP. In experimental heart failure (HF), PDE3 makes PDE4 redundant in aorta, but it is not known if this occurs in resistance vessels, such as mesenteric artery. As PDE2 is increased in the failing myocardium, its possible role in the vasculature also needs to be addressed.

Tumorigenesis and axons regulation for the pancreatic cancer: A mathematical approach.

The nervous system is today recognized to play an important role in the development of cancer. Indeed, neurons extend long processes (axons) that grow and infiltrate tumors in order to regulate the progression of the disease in a positive or negative way, depending on the type of neuron considered. Mathematical modeling of this biological process allows to formalize the nerve-tumor interactions and to test hypotheses in silico to better understand this phenomenon.

Sympathetic axonal sprouting induces changes in macrophage populations and protects against pancreatic cancer.

Neuronal nerve processes in the tumor microenvironment were highlighted recently. However, the origin of intra-tumoral nerves remains poorly known, in part because of technical difficulties in tracing nerve fibers via conventional histological preparations. Here, we employ three-dimensional (3D) imaging of cleared tissues for a comprehensive analysis of sympathetic innervation in a murine model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Water and ion diffusion in partially-water saturated compacted kaolinite: Role played by vapor-phase diffusion in water mobility.

Diffusion is the main transport process of water and solutes in clay-rich porous media owing to their very low permeability, so they are widely used as barriers against contaminant spreading. However, the prediction of contaminant mobility can be very complicated when these media are partially water-saturated. We conducted diffusion experiments for water (HTO and HDO) and ions (Na and I) through partially water saturated compacted kaolinite, a weakly charged clay material, to quantify the distinct diffusive behavior of these species.

FGF10 promotes cardiac repair through a dual cellular mechanism increasing cardiomyocyte renewal and inhibiting fibrosis.

Aims: Promoting cardiomyocyte renewal represents a major therapeutic approach for heart regeneration and repair. Our study aims to investigate the relevance of FGF10 as a potential target for heart regeneration.

Methods And Results: Our results first reveal that Fgf10 levels are up-regulated in the injured ventricle after MI.

Comparison of a New Ga-Radiolabelled PET Imaging Agent sCD146 and RGD Peptide for In Vivo Evaluation of Angiogenesis in Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction.

Ischemic vascular diseases are associated with elevated tissue expression of angiomotin (AMOT), a promising molecular target for PET imaging. On that basis, we developed an AMOT-targeting radiotracer, Ga-sCD146 and performed the first in vivo evaluation on a myocardial infarction mice model and then, compared AMOT expression and αβ-integrin expression with Ga-sCD146 and Ga-RGD imaging. After myocardial infarction (MI) induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, myocardial perfusion was evaluated by Doppler ultrasound and by F-FDG PET imaging.

Climate Change and Health Preparedness in Africa: Analysing Trends in Six African Countries.

Climate change is a global problem, which affects the various geographical regions at different levels. It is also associated with a wide range of human health problems, which pose a burden to health systems, especially in regions such as Africa. Indeed, across the African continent public health systems are under severe pressure, partly due to their fragile socioeconomic conditions.

Phosphodiesterase 1C integrates store-operated calcium entry and cAMP signaling in leading-edge protrusions of migrating human arterial myocytes.

In addition to maintaining cellular ER Ca stores, store-operated Ca entry (SOCE) regulates several Ca-sensitive cellular enzymes, including certain adenylyl cyclases (ADCYs), enzymes that synthesize the secondary messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP). Ca, acting with calmodulin, can also increase the activity of PDE1-family phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which cleave the phosphodiester bond of cAMP. Surprisingly, SOCE-regulated cAMP signaling has not been studied in cells expressing both Ca-sensitive enzymes.