Fetal imaging of posterior fossa malformations.

Posterior fossa anomalies are less common in prenatal diagnosis than midline anomalies or ventricular dilatations. However, they constitute an important entity, combining neurological disorders as well as normal variants that should be recognized in prenatal diagnosis because of the genetic implications and neurodevelopmental outcome of some of these conditions. Here we present some of the main imaging features enabling prenatal diagnosis of posterior fossa anomalies in a context of constantly evolving classifications, resulting from advances in genetics and neuroimaging.

Laparoscopic Treatment of Wilms' Tumor: Criteria of SIOP-UMBRELLA Protocol may be Updated.

Introduction: Total nephrectomies for the treatment of Wilms' tumor (WT) are more and more performed by laparoscopy, although indications for this approach following the UMBRELLA guidelines are currently very restrictive. The purpose of this study was to assess the compliance to the criteria of the UMBRELLA protocol for minimally invasive approach of WT.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included children operated on by laparoscopic total nephrectomy for suspected WT before 2020.

Dose optimization in newborn abdominal radiography: Assessing the added value of additional filtration on radiation dose and image quality using an anthropomorphic phantom.

Background: Abdominal radiographs remain useful in newborns. Given the high radiation sensitivity of this population, it is necessary to optimize acquisition techniques to minimize radiation exposure.

Objective: Evaluate the effects of three additional filtrations on radiation dose and image quality in abdominal X-rays of newborns using an anthropomorphic phantom.

[Risks of radiodiagnostic examinations in children].

RISKS OF RADIODIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATIONS IN CHILDREN. The question of cancer risk associated with diagnostic medical exposure during childhood is important in view of the sharp increase in the use of radiological examinations, particularly computed tomography (CT), since the 2000s. Moreover, children represent a population particularly sensitive to ionizing radiation.

Imaging characterization of paediatric tumours with the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase fusion transcript.

Objectives: The neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion transcript (FT) is a major genetic landmark of infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) and cellular congenital mesoblastic nephroma (cCMN) but is also described in other tumours. The recent availability of NTRK-targeted drugs enhances the need for better identification. We aimed to describe the anatomic locations and imaging features of tumours with NTRK-FT in children.

Lung biopsies in infants and children in critical care situation.

Introduction: Lung biopsy is considered as the last step investigation for diagnosing lung diseases; however, its indication must be carefully balanced with its invasiveness. The present study aims to evaluate the diagnostic yield of lung biopsy in critically ill patients hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU).

Material And Methods: Children who underwent a lung biopsy in the ICU between 1995 and 2022 were included.

Usefulness of routine early œsophagogram after primary repair of œsophageal atresia: a multicenter study.

Background: Advances in surgical and neonatal care have led to improved survival of patients with œsophageal atresia (OA) over time. Morbidity remains significant, with one-third of patients being affected by a postoperative complication. Several aspects of management are not consensual, such as the use of œsophagogram before starting oral feeding.

[Strategy of the French Society of Childhood Cancer (SFCE) for pediatric nodular lymphocyte predominant lymphoma].

Nodular Lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) are rare lymphomas in pediatric patients comprising less than 10 % of all Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). They are for the most part diagnosed at stage I or II and indolent with lymphadenopathy often preceding the diagnosis by many months/years. Survival is excellent.

Assessment of an artificial intelligence aid for the detection of appendicular skeletal fractures in children and young adults by senior and junior radiologists.

Background: As the number of conventional radiographic examinations in pediatric emergency departments increases, so, too, does the number of reading errors by radiologists.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the detection of fractures by radiologists in children and young adults.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 300 anonymized radiographs performed for the detection of appendicular fractures in patients ages 2 to 21 years was collected retrospectively.

Imaging of Pediatric Testicular and Para-Testicular Tumors: A Pictural Review.

Pre- and post-pubertal testicular tumors are two distinct entities in terms of epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Most pre-pubertal tumors are benign; the most frequent are teratomas, and the most common malignant tumors are yolk-sac tumors. Post-pubertal tumors are similar to those found in adults and are more likely to be malignant.

Childhood cancer risks estimates following CT scans: an update of the French CT cohort study.

Objectives: Increased risks of central nervous system (CNS) tumors and leukemia associated with computed tomography (CT) exposure during childhood have been reported in recent epidemiological studies. However, no evidence of increased risks was suggested in a previous analysis of the French CT cohort. This study benefits from an updated cohort with a longer follow-up and a larger sample size of patients.

Imaging of parotid anomalies in infants and children.

A wide spectrum of disorders involves the parotid glands, in infancy and childhood. Acute or chronic inflammatory/infectious diseases are predominant. The first branchial cleft anomalies are congenital lesions that typically manifest during childhood.

Hordeum murinum aspiration revealed by a pneumopleurocutaneous fistula in a 15-month-old infant.

Background: Hordeum murinum is a specie of grass rarely reported among the aspirated foreign body. It has high tissue penetration power and may cause lung damages.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 15-month-old girl who choke while playing in the grass without any evident cause.

The Myelic Limited Dorsal Malformation: Prenatal Ultrasonographic Characteristics of an Intermediate Form of Dysraphism.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to report a subtype of dysraphism designated as myelic limited dorsal malformation (MyeLDM) and to describe its characteristics at prenatal ultrasound (US).

Methods: It was a retrospective study from 2014 to 2020 based on second-line US evaluation of patients referred to our institution for myelomeningocele (MMC). Magnetic resonance imaging and acetylcholine esterase evaluation in the amniotic fluid were also offered.