Effect of perioperative blood transfusion on prostate cancer recurrence.

Background: Transfusion may predispose patients to an increased risk of tumor recurrence following solid organ surgery. Lung and colon cancer studies suggest that blood transfusions promote tumor growth or distant metastasis possibly due to immunosuppression. Blood loss can be high during radical retropubic prostatectomy necessitating intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion.

NCCN Practice Guidelines for Prostate Cancer.

Systemic therapies for prostate cancer are likely to improve, and as they do, they will have enormous impact on the treatment of high-risk and locally advanced cancers. Further technical improvements in radiotherapy and alternative local modalities, such as cryoablation, are also likely, and will bring even more options for local control. It is certain these guidelines will continue to evolve.

Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate.

Cryosurgery for the treatment of prostatic disease, a technique that originated in the mid-1960s and was almost abandoned in the mid-1970s, has re-emerged in the 1990s for the treatment of cancer of the prostate. This renewed interest is due to several factors, including the development of intraoperative ultrasound, the refinement of percutaneous access techniques, and improvements in cryosurgical apparatus. The modern technique features the transperineal percutaneous placement of several (generally five or six) metal probes, each 3 mm in diameter, in the prostate under ultrasound guidance.

If you 'watch and wait,' prostate cancer may progress dramatically.

Purpose: Observation has been proposed as an option for localized prostate cancer. However, most series reporting on 'watch and wait' include patients treated by TUR or hormones that may affect results. We retrospectively reviewed the natural history of truly untreated prostate cancer and report the outcome for these patients.

Translational studies of glutathione in bladder cancer cell lines and human specimens.

Glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in 13 human tumor cell lines derived from carcinomas of the bladder, ovary, and colon and from melanoma and glioblastoma. High levels were found in four of five bladder cell lines. The average GSH concentration in the bladder cell lines was approximately 6-fold higher than in the non-bladder cell lines.

Pathology and its importance in evaluating outcome in patients with superficial bladder cancer.

Subtle cytologic and histologic nuances have a major impact on diagnosis and, consequently, on therapy for superficial bladder cancer. Therefore, the urologist and the pathologist must carefully assess all clinical findings before a course of treatment can be determined. The urologist must advise the pathologist of all the circumstances surrounding a biopsy--whether its purpose is for preliminary clinical impression or diagnosis, the patient's recent treatment history, the availability of previous biopsy specimens for comparison, a thorough history of treatments that may induce characteristic cytologic changes that might lead to misdiagnosis, and alternate diagnostic possibilities drawn from initial pathology and treatment history.

Intravesical chemotherapy versus immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer.

The decision to treat superficial bladder cancer with intravesical therapy should be predicated primarily on disease stage and grade as well as the patient's clinical history. Once the decision to proceed with intravesical therapy has been made, the clinician must select the appropriate agent. Several agents are available and the choice of which agent to use should be based on careful consideration of the potential benefit of a given drug versus its inherent risk of complications.

Reported family history of cancer in 1,271 prostate cancer cases and 1,909 controls.

Prostate cancer risk has been associated with a family history of the disease. A two- to three-fold increase in risk has been observed in several studies. Details concerning modification of this risk by age, type of familial history of prostate cancer, and possible involvement of history of cancer at other sites have been less well documented.

Primary renal sarcoma.

Primary renal sarcoma represents approximately 1 per cent of all primary tumors of the kidney. The purpose of this study is to review the experience at Roswell Park Cancer Institute with the treatment of primary renal sarcoma. Four patients with a diagnosis of primary renal sarcoma admitted from 1976 to 1983 form the basis of this review.

Management of bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer is a paradigm of malignancy, representing the spectrum from localized to metastatic disease, and manifesting varied histologic types, including transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that a common stem cell of origin gives rise to the different histologic types and that these patterns are of clonal origin. Localized bladder cancer is managed optimally by transurethral resection, with or without adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy.

A comparison of prostate cancer patients in Japan and the USA.

Clinical characteristics of prostate cancer patients were analyzed to compare the rates of progression of prostate cancer between patients in Japan (Gunma Urological Oncology Study Group: GUOSG) and the USA (Roswell Park Cancer Institute: RPCI), between 1980 and 1989. The stage of disease was more advanced and the age was greater in GUOSG patients compared with RPCI patients. However, the prostate cancer death rate of stage D patients at RPCI was significantly higher than that of the GUOSG.

Staging and grading in the survival of adrenal carcinomas.

In 53 patients with histologically proven adrenal cortical carcinomas the most common metastatic sites, at the time of diagnosis, were the liver, lymph nodes, bone and lungs, and during the course of the disease, the lungs. At the time of diagnosis six (11%) of our patients were in Stage S1, seven (13%) in S2, 11 (21%) in S3 and 29 (55%) in S4. Histologic grading (G) in 43 patients showed G1 grade in 11 (26%), G2 in seven (16%) and G3 in 25 patients (58%).

Effect of perioperative chemoimmunotherapy with cyclophosphamide and autologous tumor vaccine in murine MBT-2 bladder cancer.

The in vitro cytotoxic activity of splenocytes from C3H/He mice implanted subcutaneously with 10(6) syngeneic MBT-2 tumor cells on day 0 was significantly enhanced after cyclophosphamide (100 mg./kg., intraperitoneally) given 2 days before tumor resection on day 17, with or without active specific immunization with BCG plus autologous irradiated tumor cells (vaccine) 1 week after tumor resection.

Adrenal adenocarcinoma: a review of 53 cases.

Problem: Fifty-three patients (30 men, 23 women) with histologically proven adrenal carcinoma were reviewed. Nineteen (36%) had endocrine manifestations from functioning tumors. Arteriography was positive in 95% (19/20), CT scan in 94% (17/18), and ultrasound in 92% (12/13).

The combined-action of ici-d1694, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-Fluorouracil in inhibiting the growth of a human renal-cell carcinoma cell-line (rpmi-se) in-vitro.

In order to investigate possible interactions among ICI-D1694 (a new folate-analog thymidylate synthase inhibitor), 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) and 5-fluorouracil (FUra), the effect of these agents alone and in 2-drug combinations against a human renal cell carcinoma cell line (RPMI-SE) in vitro was investigated. The median IC50's for cell growth inhibition for ICI-D1694, FdUrd and FUra were 4.00, 7.

A new approach in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer. FISH analysis of urine, bladder washings, and tumors.

The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of urine could be a useful approach in bladder cancer. Herein, we present the cytogenetic and FISH findings in patients with and without bladder cancer. The samples examined with FISH consisted of urine, bladder washings, and tumor tissue, when available.

Salvage surgery for radiation failure in prostate cancer.

Methods: Salvage surgery was done in 43 patients who did not respond to radiation therapy of prostate cancer between 1982-1991. Thirty-five patients underwent salvage prostatectomy and 8, cystoprostatectomy.

Results: The complications were significant; four patients had rectal injuries (all closed primarily), one had a ureteral injury, and there was one perioperative death.

Prognostic factors in survival of bladder cancer.

Clinical and pathologic data of 36 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were investigated to determine the significance on patient survival of these factors: pathologic grade and stage; the immunohistochemistry of eight cell and tumor markers; nuclear DNA flow cytometric parameters; and patient smoking status. The bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis significantly correlated patient survival rates with the immunohistochemical expression of blood group, isoantigens A (P less than 0.05), O(H) (P = 0.

Growth of human renal cortical tissue on collagen gel.

A model system for 3-dimensional "native-state" culture of tissues on collagen gels (Proc. Natl. Acad.