Deciphering F-DOPA uptake in SDH-related head and neck paragangliomas: a radiomics approach.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of germline succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) pathogenic variants on 6-[F]-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (F-DOPA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiomic signature of head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs).

Methods: Forty-seven patients (20 SDH pathogenic variants carriers) harboring 55 HNPGLs were retrospectively included. HNPGLs were delineated using Nestle adaptive threshold.

[Ga]DOTATOC PET-derived radiomics to predict genetic background of head and neck paragangliomas: a pilot investigation.

Purpose: To investigate the [Ga]DOTATOC PET radiomic profile of head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) and identify radiomic characteristics useful as predictors of succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHx) pathogenic variants.

Methods: Sporadic and SDHx HNPGL patients, who underwent [Ga]DOTATOC PET/CT, were retrospectively included. HNPGLs were analyzed using LIFEx software, and extracted features were harmonized to correct for batch effects and confronted testing for multiple comparison.

Preoperative F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Presumed Localized Colon Cancer: A Prospective Study with Long-Term Follow-Up.

We analyzed whether preoperative F-FDG PET/CT adds to conventional primary staging in patients with presumed non-metastatic colonic cancer (CC). The prognostic role of F-FDG uptake in the primary tumor was evaluated after a mean follow-up of 15 years. Patients with a new diagnosis of presumed localized CC were prospectively enrolled and underwent presurgical F-FDG PET/CT.

Nuclear medicine imaging methods of early radiation-induced cardiotoxicity: a ten-year systematic review.

Introduction: Radiotherapy has significantly improved cancer survival rates, but it also comes with certain unavoidable complications. Breast and thoracic irradiation, for instance, can unintentionally expose the heart to radiation, leading to damage at the cellular level within the myocardial structures. Detecting and monitoring radiation-induced heart disease early on is crucial, and several radionuclide imaging techniques have shown promise in this regard.

Efficacity of Deep Inspiration Breath Hold and Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy in Preventing Perfusion Defect for Left Sided Breast Cancer (EDIPE): A Prospective Cohort Study Protocol.

Breast radiotherapy can lead to radiation-induced cardiac disease, particularly in left breast cancers. Recent studies have shown that subclinical cardiac lesions, such as myocardial perfusion deficits, may occur early after radiotherapy. The primary method for irradiating breast cancer, known as opposite tangential field radiotherapy, can cause the anterior interventricular coronary artery to receive a high dose of radiation during left breast irradiation.

Baseline F-FDG Metabolic Tumor Volume Predicts Response to Rituximab Induction in Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Study.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare complication of immunosuppression. Sequential treatment is commonly proposed, combining induction with rituximab (R-induction) followed by either continuation of treatment or addition of chemotherapy depending on response. Response to R-induction, often assessed by CT scan, is a major predictor of overall survival (OS).

Preoperative SPECT/CT + intraoperative CT fusion enabling surgical augmented reality to target sentinel lymph node in endometrial cancer.

Purpose: To establish a proof-of-concept study using a phantom model to allow the fusion of preoperative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with computed tomography (CT), also known as SPECT/CT, with intraoperative CT, enabling the application of an augmented reality (AR) surgical guidance system for pelvic sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in endometrial cancer patients.

Methods: A three-dimensional (3D) pelvic phantom model printed in a gelatin-based scaffold including a radiopaque pelvis, a vascular tree mimicking the iliac vessels, two 3D-printed fillable spheres representing the target pelvic sentinel lymph nodes, and a calibration board was developed. A planar with SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphy and CT were performed independently on the model.

Liver-Directed Therapy for Neuroendocrine Metastases: From Interventional Radiology to Nuclear Medicine Procedures.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare and heterogeneous epithelial tumors most commonly arising from the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system. GEP-NENs account for approximately 60% of all NENs, and the small intestine and pancreas represent two most common sites of primary tumor development. Approximately 80% of metastatic patients have secondary liver lesions, and in approximately 50% of patients, the liver is the only metastatic site.

Dual-Time-Point 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT Improves Characterization of Thyroid Nodules in Patients Referred for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Proof of Concept Study.

Purpose: Thyroid nodules frequently coexist with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Because of the increasing use of 18F-fluorocholine (18F-FCH) PET/CT in patients with pHPT, evaluation of its clinical utility for thyroid nodules characterization in this population is of paramount importance. Herein, we investigate the value of dual-point 18F-FCH PET/CT in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer in patients referred for pHPT imaging who have thyroid nodules.

Case Report: Acquired Disseminated BCG in the Context of a Delayed Immune Reconstitution After Hematological Malignancy.

Context: Disseminated infections due to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are unusual and occur mostly in patients with inborn error of immunity (IEI) or acquired immunodeficiency. However, cases of secondary BCGosis due to intravesical BCG instillation have been described. Herein, we present a case of severe BCGosis occurring in an unusual situation.

Muscle fluorodeoxyglucose uptake assessed by positron emission tomography-computed tomography as a biomarker of inflammatory myopathies disease activity.

Objective: To devise a simple PET-CT score for measurement of muscle disease activity in patients with inflammatory myopathies (IMs) and to assess its validity.

Methods: A total of 44 PET-CT examinations in 34 IM patients (performed during cancer screening) and 20 PET-CT examinations in matched controls (investigated for pulmonary nodules with a conclusion of benignity) were analysed. Maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were recorded bilaterally in eight proximal muscles.

F-FDOPA PET/CT Combined with MRI for Gross Tumor Volume Delineation in Patients with Skull Base Paraganglioma.

In this simulation study, we assessed differences in gross tumor volume (GTV) in a series of skull base paragangliomas (SBPGLs) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), F-dihydroxyphenylalanine (F-FDOPA) combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and F-FDOPA PET/MRI images obtained by rigid alignment of PET and MRI. GTV was delineated in 16 patients with SBPGLs on MRI (GTV), F-FDOPA PET/CT (GTV), and combined PET/MRI (GTV). GTV was the union of GTV and GTV after visual adjustment.

Data-driven respiratory gating for ventilation/perfusion lung scan.

Background: Ventilation/perfusion lung scan is subject to blur due to respiratory motion whether with planar acquisition or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We propose a data-driven gating method for extracting different respiratory phases from lung scan list-mode or dynamic data.

Methods: The algorithm derives a surrogate respiratory signal from an automatically detected diaphragmatic region of interest.

F-FDG PET/CT for the Diagnosis of Malignant and Infectious Complications After Solid Organ Transplantation.

Purpose: Infection and malignancy represent two common complications after solid organ transplantation, which are often characterized by poorly specific clinical symptomatology. Herein, we have evaluated the role of F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in this clinical setting.

Methods: Fifty-eight consecutive patients who underwent FDG PET/CT after kidney, lung or heart transplantation were included in this retrospective analysis.

Head-to-head comparison between F-FDOPA PET/CT and MR/CT angiography in clinically recurrent head and neck paragangliomas.

Purpose: Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) can relapse after primary treatment. Optimal imaging protocols have not yet been established for posttreatment evaluation. The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of F-FDOPA PET/CT and MR/CT angiography (MRA/CTA) in HNPGL patients with clinical relapse during their follow-up.

Neural correlates of visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and brain perfusion using single-photon emission computed tomography.

Methods: We retrospectively included 66 patients with DLB, 36 of whom were having visual hallucinations (DLB-hallu) and 30 of whom were not (DLB-c). We assessed visual hallucination severity on a 3-point scale of increasing severity: illusions, simple visual hallucinations and complex visual hallucinations.

Comparing respiratory gated with delayed scans in the detection of colorectal carcinoma hepatic and pulmonary metastases with 18F-FDG PET-CT.

Purpose: In patients experiencing colorectal carcinoma, exhaustive analysis of indicates extent of hepatic and pulmonary surgery that prolongs survival of patients.

Patients And Methods: To localize metastasis, we compared 2 F-FDG PET-CT imaging protocols, early respiratory gated scan, and delayed scan, to standard PET imaging procedure. SUVmax and lesion-to-healthy tissue ratio were measured in 60 pulmonary and 21 hepatic lesions by each of the 2 imaging protocols.

[Morpho-functional imaging in a patient with hyperparathyroidism and multifocal maxillary brown tumor].

Introduction: Brown tumors are uncommon osteolytic lesions directly related to the increased osteoclastic activity due to hyperparathyroidism.

Case Report: A 37-year-old woman presented with hypercalcemia related to primary hyperparathyroidism. Multiple and bilateral maxillary osteolytic lesions showing intense fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG) uptake were noted in a positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT).

18F-fluorocholine uptake in a case of adrenal incidentaloma: possible diagnostic pitfall or potential tool for adrenocortical tumors characterization?

The understanding of radiotracer's physiological biodistribution as well as the potential source of false-positive results is crucial for an accurate diagnostic interpretation of (18)F-fluorocholine PET/CT examination in patients with prostate cancer. We illustrate the results of whole-body (18)F-fluorocholine PET/CT in a 79-year-old man with biochemical suspicion of prostate adenocarcinoma relapse. PET/CT study showed a focally increased (18)F-fluorocholine uptake, characterizing an incidentally found adrenocortical adenoma.

Asymptomatic giant arachnoid cyst.

A 51-year-old male bricklayer without cerebral symptoms underwent whole-body FDG PET for suspicion of mediastinal sarcoidosis. PET/CT incidentally demonstrated a voluminous right frontal arachnoid cyst with normal glucose metabolism in the adjacent cortex. MRI demonstrated compression of the ipsilateral cerebral parenchyma and precentral, angulate, callosal, and superior frontal sulci.