Effects of protein concentration and beta-adrenergic agonists on ruminal bacterial communities in finishing beef heifers.

To improve animal performance and modify growth by increasing lean tissue accretion, beef cattle production has relied on use of growth promoting technologies such as beta-adrenergic agonists. These synthetic catecholamines, combined with the variable inclusion of rumen degradable (RDP) and undegradable protein (RUP), improve feed efficiency and rate of gain in finishing beef cattle. However, research regarding the impact of beta-adrenergic agonists, protein level, and source on the ruminal microbiome is limited.

Effects of dietary urea concentration and zilpaterol hydrochloride on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers.

Cattle receiving zilpaterol hydrochloride () may recycle less N and require a greater supply of RDP. This study evaluated effects of ZH on performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed diets with increasing dietary RDP concentrations supplied as urea. Steers (429 animals; BW = 423 ± 4.

Nutritional recommendations of feedlot consulting nutritionists: The 2015 New Mexico State and Texas Tech University survey.

The 2015 feedlot consulting nutritionist survey is a collaborative project between New Mexico State University and Texas Tech University that focuses on summarizing the professional practices of consulting feedlot nutritionists and updates a 2007 survey. Forty-nine consulting feedlot nutritionists were asked to participate, of which 24 completed the survey. The nutritionists surveyed service over 14,000,000 cattle annually and were representatives from individual consulting practices (54.

Getting the mOST from OST: Role of organic solute transporter, OSTalpha-OSTbeta, in bile acid and steroid metabolism.

The organic solute transporter (OST)(alpha)-OST(beta) is an unusual heteromeric carrier expressed in a variety of tissues including the small intestine, colon, liver, biliary tract, kidney, and adrenal gland. In polarized epithelial cells, OSTalpha-OSTbeta protein is localized on the basolateral membrane and functions in the export or uptake of bile acids and steroids. This article reviews recent results including studies of knockout mouse models that provide new insights to the role of OSTalpha-OSTbeta in the compartmentalization and metabolism of these important lipids.

Determination of the conversion factor for silymarin - a solution for the problems associated with new assay methods in the pharmacopoeia.

In pharmacopoeial monographs for herbal drugs and herbal preparations, conventional assay methods such as colorimetry or spectophotometric assays are often replaced by modern, more specific and reliable methods, e.g. liquid chromatography (LC).

Regulation of the sodium/sulfate co-transporter by farnesoid X receptor alpha.

Fxralpha is known to regulate a variety of metabolic processes, including bile acid, cholesterol, and carbohydrate metabolism. In this study, we show direct evidence that Fxralpha is a key player in maintaining sulfate homeostasis. We identified and characterized the sodium/sulfate co-transporter (NaS-1; Slc13a1) as an Fxralpha target gene expressed in the kidney and intestine.

Regulation of hepatic Insig-2 by the farnesoid X receptor.

Activation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXRalpha) affects genes controlling many pathways, including those involved in bile acid and glucose homeostasis. Here we report that a critical gene involved in cholesterol homeostasis, Insig-2, was induced when mice or cultured cells were treated with FXRalpha agonists or infected with constitutively active FXRalpha. No such induction was observed in agonist-treated FXRalpha-/- mice.

FXR, a multipurpose nuclear receptor.

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. In the past six years, remarkable inroads have been made into determining the functional importance of FXR. This receptor has been shown to have crucial roles in controlling bile acid homeostasis, lipoprotein and glucose metabolism, hepatic regeneration, intestinal bacterial growth and the response to hepatotoxins.

Efficacy and tolerability of a spray with Salvia officinalis in the treatment of acute pharyngitis - a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with adaptive design and interim analysis.

Objective: This randomised, double-blind, parallel group phase II/III study with adaptive two-stage design and interim analysis compared the efficacy and tolerability of spray (containing a Salvia officinalis fluid extract) against placebo in the treatment of patients with acute viral pharyngitis. -

Study Participants: in two study parts, a total of 286 patients with subjective and objective evidence of pharyngitis were randomized. In the first study part 122 patients were enrolled.

Short communication: serum and tissue concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in beef heifers after buccal dosing of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.

Sixteen crossbred (British x Continental; average un-shrunk body weight = 507.9 kg; SD = 45.6 kg) beef heifers fed a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet with melengestrol acetate (0.

The heteromeric organic solute transporter alpha-beta, Ostalpha-Ostbeta, is an ileal basolateral bile acid transporter.

Bile acids are transported across the ileal enterocyte brush border membrane by the well characterized apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (Asbt) Slc10a2; however, the carrier(s) responsible for transporting bile acids across the ileocyte basolateral membrane into the portal circulation have not been fully identified. Transcriptional profiling of wild type and Slc10a2 null mice was employed to identify a new candidate basolateral bile acid carrier, the heteromeric organic solute transporter (Ost)alpha-Ostbeta. By Northern blot analysis, Ostalpha and Ostbeta mRNA was detected only in mouse kidney and intestine, mirroring the horizontal gradient of expression of Asbt in the gastrointestinal tract.

Posttranslational regulation of acid sphingomyelinase in niemann-pick type C1 fibroblasts and free cholesterol-enriched chinese hamster ovary cells.

Niemann-Pick type C disease is characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids within the lysosomal compartment, a process that is often accompanied by a reduction in acid sphingomyelinase activity. These studies demonstrate that a CHO cell mutant (CT-60), which accumulates lysosomal cholesterol because of a defective NP-C1 protein, has approximately 5-10% of the acid sphingomyelinase activity of its parental cell line (25-RA) or wild type (CHO-K1) cells. The cholesterol-induced reduction in acid sphingomyelinase activity can be reproduced in CHO-K1 cells by incubation in the presence of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and progesterone, which impairs the normal egress of LDL-derived cholesterol from the lysosomal compartment.

Feeding and watering behavior of healthy and morbid steers in a commercial feedlot.

Our objective was to determine whether there were differences in feeding and watering behavior of newly received healthy and morbid feedlot steers. Two separate 32-d feeding trials were conducted in Wellton, Arizona, in July and November 1996. Radio frequency technology was used to record individual animal behaviors from 108 (average weight 139 kg) and 143 (average weight 160 kg) steers in each respective trial.

Effect of rotating monensin plus tylosin and lasalocid on performance, ruminal fermentation, and site and extent of digestion in feedlot cattle.

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of ionophore rotation programs on performance and digestion by feedlot cattle. A 90% concentrate diet was fed with treatments of no ionophore (C), 33 mg lasalocid/kg diet daily (L), 29 mg monensin plus 11 mg tylosin/kg diet daily (MT), and daily (D) and weekly (W) rotation of L and MT. In Trial 1, feedlot performance of 200 crossbred steers (average initial BW 296 kg) was evaluated during a 133-d period.

Effects of a monensin ruminal delivery device on daily gain, forage intake and ruminal fermentation of steers grazing irrigated winter wheat pasture.

Two trials evaluated the effects of a monensin ruminal delivery device (MRDD) on steers grazing winter wheat pasture. In Trial 1, 60 Hereford steers (initial wt 238.5 kg) grazed a 21.

Influence of fasting and transit on ruminal and blood metabolites in beef steers.

Nine ruminally cannulated steers (average weight 477 kg) were randomly assigned to serve as controls (C) or to be fasted (F) or fasted and transported (FT). C steers were allowed free access to alfalfa hay, water and plain salt during the experiment; F steers were deprived of feed and water for 32 hr, and FT steers were deprived of feed and water and transported for 32 hr in a gooseneck trailer. After 32 hr, F and FT steers were allowed access to alfalfa hay, salt and water.

Are We Retrogressing in Science?: Despite superficial evidence to the contrary, science in the United States is in a state of confusion.

Despite the large amount of superficial evidence to the contrary, the present state of science in the United States is one of considerable confusion. In large measure, we appear to have lost sight of our intellectual foundations and to have reverted to authoritarianism. Contributing to this situation is the state of the universities.