Modified Van Nes rotationplasty for osteosarcoma of the proximal tibia in children.

Above-knee amputation has been the traditional treatment for osteosarcoma of the proximal tibia. Recent advances in chemotherapy have encouraged the development of limb-salvage techniques. Van Nes rotationplasty for malignant lesions of the distal femur has increased in popularity as a reconstructive technique, but no similar procedure has been described for lesions of the proximal tibia.

Hepatic ultrasonic tissue characterization of video image data.

A study measuring in vivo three quantitative parameters of human liver was performed to assess the feasibility of measuring these parameters using standard ultrasound equipment and technique and to evaluate their potential for diagnosing diffuse liver disease. The parameters measured were: (1) d-bar, the average scatter spacing between semiperiodic scatterer; (2) r, a measure of the relative scattering strength; and (3) sigma, a measure of the variability in the relative scattering strength. Using linear discriminant and multivariate analysis, the above parameters are able to significantly separate normal livers from those with cirrhosis.

X-ray crystal structure of a recombinant human myoglobin mutant at 2.8 A resolution.

We have grown crystals in trigonal space group P3(2)21 of a mutant human myoglobin, aquomet form, in which lysine at position 45 has been replaced by arginine and cysteine at position 110 has been replaced by alanine. Suitable crystals of native recombinant human myoglobin have not been obtained. We have used the molecular replacement method to determine the X-ray crystal structure of the mutant at 2.

Treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

The available data support the hypothesis proposed by Smithers that Hodgkin's disease appears to be a systemic disorder of the lymphatic system. Standard treatments have been developed that cure approximately 70% of all patients who present to most institutions. Physicians should know the treatment approaches before proceeding with staging, because intelligent use of the best available treatment often obviates the need for staging laparotomy.

Characterization of S9 fraction used in the third UKEMS collaborative trial.

The S9 preparation utilized by the collaborators in the third UKEMS collaborative study was assayed for the activities of three groups of enzymes and the effect of storage upon the activities. The results obtained indicate that storage of S9 at -196 degrees C for periods of up to 8 months did not unduly affect the activity of the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes measured.

Treatment of localized aggressive lymphomas with combination chemotherapy followed by involved-field radiation therapy.

Localized lymphomas of diffuse and aggressive histology sometimes undergo early hematogenous dissemination such that local therapies (surgery alone or followed by radiation therapy) are not curative in 100% of cases. We have treated 47 clinical stage I or IE patients with aggressive lymphoma histologies (diffuse large-cell, diffuse mixed, diffuse immunoblastic, follicular large-cell, diffuse small-non-cleaved cell) with four monthly cycles of an eight-drug combination chemotherapy program consisting of cyclophosphamide, etoposide, doxorubicin, nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine), procarbazine, high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, and prednisone (Pro-MACE-MOPP) administered systemically followed by 40 Gy involved-field radiation therapy. Forty-five (96%) patients achieved a complete remission and no patient has relapsed with a median follow-up time of 42 months (range, 8 to 90).

Nurses and PDQ: what's in it for you?

In March 1989, the National Cancer Institute's Physician Data Query (PDQ) celebrated its fifth year. PDQ, a computerized cancer information database, was created to enhance the communication and application of cancer research data to the oncology community. Because of the variety and currency of the information contained within the system, it can be an extremely valuable resource for cancer nurses and patients.

Oviposition habitat preferences of Toxorhynchites moctezuma mosquitoes in four types of tropical forest in Trinidad.

1. Oviposition of the mosquito Toxorhynchites moctezuma Dyar & Knab was investigated in four types of tropical forest in Trinidad, West Indies, using surrogate and natural ovitraps. Larvae of Tx.

NCI's breast cancer clinical alert: rationale and results.

In the U.S. alone, of the 60,000 women diagnosed with node-negative breast cancer each year, between 2,000 and 5,000 would be candidates for postoperative adjuvant therapy each month.

The PDQ database: what the primary care physician needs to know about current treatments for cancer and AIDS.

The National Cancer Institute's PDQ database is the most current source of peer-reviewed information available today on state-of-the-art treatment of cancer and AIDS. It can serve the primary care physician as a principal reference point for decisions regarding consultation, referral, and patient care, and it is relatively simple and inexpensive to use. The new PDQ ACCESS microcomputer soft-ware enables untrained searchers automatically to execute current literature searches of the CANCERLIT database, as an adjunct to searching PDQ.

Regulation of glycosylation. The influence of protein structure on N-linked oligosaccharide processing.

The Sindbis virus glycoproteins, E1 and E2, comprise a useful model system for evaluating the effects of local protein structure on the processing of N-linked oligosaccharides by Golgi enzymes. The conversion of oligomannose to N-acetyllactosamine (complex) oligosaccharides is hindered to different extents at the four glycosylation sites, so that the complex/oligomannose ratio decreases in the order E1-Asn139 greater than E2-Asn196 greater than E1-Asn245 greater than E2-Asn318. The processing steps most susceptible to interference were deduced from the oligosaccharide compositions at hindered sites in virus from baby hamster kidney cells (BHK), chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF), and normal and hamster sarcoma virus (HSV)-transformed hamster fibroblasts (Nil-8).

Residual abdominal masses in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after combination chemotherapy: significance and management.

When patients with aggressive lymphoma present with intraabdominal disease, a stable residual mass is frequently detected radiographically at the time of the clinical complete remission. To discern the optimal management for this clinical problem, we reviewed 241 patients with aggressive lymphoma treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) from 1977 to 1986. Seventy-two/241 patients (30%) had an abdominal mass at diagnosis and 29/72 (40%) were left with a radiographically detectable residual mass at clinical complete remission.

PDQ--a database of clinical trials and cancer treatment information.

The National Cancer Institute has developed an online clinical information system known as PDQ (Physician Data Query) to provide physicians with up-to-date information on cancer treatment and to facilitate participation in cancer clinical trials. PDQ is a major component in the National Cancer Institute's goal of reducing cancer mortality 50% by the year 2000.

Keeping up with the cancer literature--PDQ ACCESS.

Physician Data Query (PDQ) (National Cancer Institute [NCI], Bethesda, MD) and CANCERLIT (NCI, Bethesda, MD) are two online cancer information databases. PDQ summarizes current cancer therapy literature into specific treatment recommendations. CANCERLIT is a bibliographic system similar to MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine [NLM], Bethesda, MD) that provides a comprehensive source of literature citations for the field of cancer.

Angle independent ultrasonic blood flow detection by frame-to-frame correlation of B-mode images.

We have previously reported initial clinical results of a novel blood velocity imaging technique utilizing a two-dimensional correlation search applied to consecutively acquired echoes. In this paper, we describe both the physical principles underlying this technique and test tank experiments which define its performance under a variety of conditions. The results indicate that, unlike Doppler flow imaging systems, this technique defines the flow velocity vector in two dimensions and is not subject to aliasing.

The functional response of Toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus to changes in the population density of its prey Aedes aegypti.

We present an analysis of the functional response of the predator Toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus (Coquillett) to changes in the density of the larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). The experiment was replicated for five different ages, and at three different densities of the predator.

Metabolizing systems in cell culture cytotoxicity tests.

1. The addition of 9000 g supernatant of rat liver homogenate (S9) or rat liver microsomal fractions to a cytotoxicity test system using BCL-D1 cells has been investigated. 2.

The role of chemotherapy in diffuse aggressive lymphomas.

Diffuse aggressive lymphomas are curable by combination chemotherapy in advanced stages, with 30% to 60% of all treated patients alive and disease free 2 to 5 years from the end of treatment, depending on the program used. The fact that combination chemotherapy can cure this disease has led, since 1975, to several new directions in therapy such as (1) the development of a variety of new combination chemotherapy programs, using older drugs more aggressively, adding additional drugs to each program, or manipulating the scheduling of drugs; (2) the close scrutiny of study results to identify risk factors that influence the ability to attain a durable complete remission; and (3) the use of combination chemotherapy in early stage disease instead of, or with, radiotherapy (RT). The recently developed aggressive programs have been reported to produce results superior to the original studies, but because important prognostic factors have only recently been identified, there remains some uncertainty about the significance of the reported differences between studies.

Small-angle x-ray scattering investigation of the solution structure of troponin C.

X-ray crystallographic studies of troponin C (Herzberg, O., and James, M.N.

Properties of acoustical speckle in the presence of phase aberration. Part II: Correlation lengths.

In recent years, analysis of the second order statistics of ultrasound speckle has led to accurate prediction and measurements of the average speckle size in the transducer focal zone. In this paper, that work has been extended to the average speckle size as determined by the normalized autocovariance in the presence of transducer phase aberrations. In general, a phase aberration causes a narrowing of the main lobe of the normalized autocovariance in the lateral direction.

Differential effects of oncogenic transformation on N-linked oligosaccharide processing at individual glycosylation sites of viral glycoproteins.

Hamster sarcoma virus (HSV) transformation of Nil-8 fibroblasts is associated with an increase in the average size of N-acetyllactosamine (complex) type N-linked glycans due to an increase in both the average number of branches/chain and in the fraction of N-linked glycans containing poly(GlcNAc(beta 1,3) Gal-(beta 1,4)) (polylactosaminylglycan) chains. Analysis of glycopeptides from the envelope glycoproteins of Sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) grown in Nil-8 and Nil/HSV cells indicated that the transformation-associated shift to larger N-linked oligosaccharides selectively affects some glycosylation sites far more than others. Glycosylation of the Sindbis virus glycoproteins and of Asn-179 of VSV G was similar in Nil-8 and Nil/HSV cells; oligosaccharide processing generally did not proceed beyond the biantennary complex stage.

Toxicosis in newborn pigs associated with cutaneous application of an aerosol spray containing chlorpyrifos.

Weakness, lethargy, ataxia, lateral recumbency, limb paddling, tremors, salivation, and diarrhea were observed in newborn pigs on a commercial swine farm. Many pigs became moribund and died. All had been treated with an aerosol wound spray containing 2.