A Narrative Review of Old and Emerging Treatment Modalities for Substance Use Disorders.

Substance use disorders (SUDs) represent one of the leading causes of preventable death in the setting of overdose and comorbidities leading to mortality. A multi-database literature search limited to peer-reviewed articles within the last 10 years was conducted to compare treatment modalities used to treat SUDs. This literature review aims to provide a concise yet comprehensive summary of the various treatment modalities that exist to address these disorders in clinical practice.

Impact of an Antenatal Family-based Behavioral Treatment with a Nutrition and Exercise Lifestyle Intervention Program on Infant Weight-for-length at Birth.

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards, including weight-for-length, are used to monitor infant size. Excessive infant weight-for-length at or above the 85th percentile is a risk for childhood overweight. Although antenatal interventions like the nutrition and exercise lifestyle intervention program (NELIP) have successfully prevented excessive gestational weight gain, strategies to improve the intervention remain of interest.

Investigation of Abdominoplasty Without General Anesthesia: A Scoping Review.

Abdominoplasty is a common aesthetic surgical procedure primarily performed under general anesthesia (GA). However, GA is aerosol-generating and involves extended immobilization associated with systemic complications like venous thromboembolisms (VTEs). There is increasing interest in performing abdominoplasties without GA because of potential lower complication rates and shorter postoperative recovery time.

Protein nanoparticle vaccines induce potent neutralizing antibody responses against MERS-CoV.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a betacoronavirus that causes severe respiratory illness in humans. There are no licensed vaccines against MERS-CoV and only a few candidates in phase I clinical trials. Here, we develop MERS-CoV vaccines utilizing a computationally designed protein nanoparticle platform that has generated safe and immunogenic vaccines against various enveloped viruses, including a licensed vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

The effects of maternal flow on placental diffusion-weighted MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion parameters.

Purpose: To investigate and explain observed features of the placental DWI signal in healthy and compromised pregnancies using a mathematical model of maternal blood flow.

Methods: Thirteen healthy and nine compromised third trimester pregnancies underwent pulse gradient spin echo DWI MRI, with the results compared to MRI data simulated from a 2D mathematical model of maternal blood flow through the placenta. Both sets of data were fitted to an intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model, and a rebound model (defined within text), which described voxels that did not decay monotonically.

Single-Pass Demonstration of Integrated Capture and Catalytic Conversion of CO from Simulated Flue Gas to Methanol in a Water-Lean Carbon Capture Solvent.

Here, we demonstrate an integrated semibatch simultaneous CO capture and conversion to methanol process using a water-lean solvent, -(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-morpholinopropan-1-amine (2-EEMPA), that serves as both the capture solvent and subsequent condensed-phase medium for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO. CO is captured from simulated coal-derived flue gas at a target >90 mol % capture efficiency, with a continuous slipstream of CO-rich solvent delivered to a fixed bed catalytic reactor for catalytic hydrogenation. A single-pass conversion rate >60 C-mol % and selectivity >80 C-mol % are observed for methanol at relatively low temperatures (<200 °C) in the condensed phase of the carbon capture solvent.

Association of Parent and Child Intuitive Eating: A Scoping Review.

Children's eating behaviors are dependent on childhood food experiences, which involve their parental feeding practices, home food environments, and modeling of eating behavior. Intuitive eating (IE) promotes eating based on internal hunger and satiety cues. IE has been associated with improvements in mental and physical health.

Computationally designed mRNA-launched protein nanoparticle vaccines.

Both protein nanoparticle and mRNA vaccines were clinically de-risked during the COVID-19 pandemic. These vaccine modalities have complementary strengths: antigen display on protein nanoparticles can enhance the magnitude, quality, and durability of antibody responses, while mRNA vaccines can be rapidly manufactured and elicit antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. Here we leverage a computationally designed icosahedral protein nanoparticle that was redesigned for optimal secretion from eukaryotic cells to develop an mRNA-launched nanoparticle vaccine for SARS-CoV-2.

Efficient High-Order Space-Angle-Energy Polytopic Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Methods for Linear Boltzmann Transport.

We introduce an -version discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DGFEM) for the linear Boltzmann transport problem. A key feature of this new method is that, while offering arbitrary order convergence rates, it may be implemented in an almost identical form to standard multigroup discrete ordinates methods, meaning that solutions can be computed efficiently with high accuracy and in parallel within existing software. This method provides a unified discretisation of the space, angle, and energy domains of the underlying integro-differential equation and naturally incorporates both local mesh and local polynomial degree variation within each of these computational domains.

The association of physical activity during pregnancy with birthweight extremes: A scoping review.

Objectives: Birthweight (BW) indicates newborn health and is a risk factor for development of chronic diseases later in life. The aim was to investigate whether or not prenatal physical activity (PA) influences BW extremes and how PA influences BW extremes in those diagnosed with pregnancy-related diseases.

Design: We performed a scoping review.

Engagement to collaboration ensures success.

Disruption to our daily business and functional lives is becoming more frequent, complex and costly. As leaders, what do we do with what we know, the support and tools we have, and our knowledge regarding the resources we need to acquire to navigate this disrupted world? One thing is clear: no one can do it alone. This is not a new concept - the ancient Greeks understood the power of the group.

Evaluation of Alinity m CMV assay performance for detecting CMV in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens.

Accurate detection and quantification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is crucial to preventing adverse outcomes in immunocompromised individuals. Current assays were developed for use with plasma specimens, but CMV may be present in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We evaluated the performance of the Abbott Alinity m CMV assay compared to the Abbott RealTime CMV assay for quantification of CMV in plasma, BAL, and CSF specimens.

Deciphering Aphanomyces euteiches-pea-biocontrol bacterium interactions through untargeted metabolomics.

Aphanomyces euteiches causes root rot in pea, leading to significant yield losses. However, the metabolites involved in this pathosystem have not been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to fill this gap and explore mechanisms of bacterial suppression of A.

Examining cover crop agri-environmental program participation: Evidence from a western US farmer survey.

Agri-environmental programs (AEPs), which pay farmers to adopt conservation practices, are increasingly important environmental and agricultural policy tools used in both the US and the EU. Despite large budgetary shares allocated in a 20-year application window, several studies identify lower-than-expected environmental outcomes. In the US, reasons for low environmental outcomes include low participation rates, lack of program awareness, and poor targeting levels.

Protein nanoparticle vaccines induce potent neutralizing antibody responses against MERS-CoV.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic betacoronavirus that causes severe and often lethal respiratory illness in humans. The MERS-CoV spike (S) protein is the viral fusogen and the target of neutralizing antibodies, and has therefore been the focus of vaccine design efforts. Currently there are no licensed vaccines against MERS-CoV and only a few candidates have advanced to Phase I clinical trials.

NUDC is critical for rod photoreceptor function, maintenance, and survival.

NUDC (nuclear distribution protein C) is a mitotic protein involved in nuclear migration and cytokinesis across species. Considered a cytoplasmic dynein (henceforth dynein) cofactor, NUDC was shown to associate with the dynein motor complex during neuronal migration. NUDC is also expressed in postmitotic vertebrate rod photoreceptors where its function is unknown.

Displacement of the Lamina Cribrosa With Acute Intraocular Pressure Increase in Brain-Dead Organ Donors.

Purpose: To examine deformations of the optic nerve head (ONH) deep tissues in response to acute elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods: Research-consented brain-dead organ donors underwent imaging by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT imaging was repeated while the eye was sequentially maintained at manometric pressures of 10, 30, and 50 mm Hg.

NUDC is critical for rod photoreceptor function, maintenance, and survival.

Unlabelled: NUDC ( nu clear d istribution protein C) is a mitotic protein involved in nuclear migration and cytokinesis across species. Considered a cytoplasmic dynein (henceforth dynein) cofactor, NUDC was shown to associate with the dynein motor complex during neuronal migration. NUDC is also expressed in postmitotic vertebrate rod photoreceptors where its function is unknown.

Genomic characterization of three bacterial isolates antagonistic to the pea root rot pathogen .

Microorganisms living in soil and rhizosphere or inside plants can promote plant growth and health. Genomic characterization of beneficial microbes could shed light on their special features. Through extensive field survey across Saskatchewan, Canada, followed by in vitro and greenhouse characterization, we identified several bacterial isolates antagonistic to pea root rot pathogen .

BCG vaccination stimulates integrated organ immunity by feedback of the adaptive immune response to imprint prolonged innate antiviral resistance.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination can confer nonspecific protection against heterologous pathogens. However, the underlying mechanisms remain mysterious. We show that mice vaccinated intravenously with BCG exhibited reduced weight loss and/or improved viral clearance when challenged with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 B.