Treatment of Coats' disease with intravitreal bevacizumab.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab plus ablative therapy with ablative therapy alone for Coats' disease.

Methods: A retrospective review of all paediatric patients who received treatment for Coats' disease from a single surgeon (GBH) from 1 January 2001 to 31 March 2010 was performed. Ten consecutive patients who received intravitreal bevacizumab as part of their treatment were matched to 10 patients treated with ablative therapy alone by macular appearance, quadrants of subretinal fluid, and quadrants of telangiectasias.

Pleuro-pulmonary endometriosis in baboons (Papio spp.): insights into pathogenesis.

Background: Human pleuro-pulmonary endometriosis (PPE) is rare. Recently, we identified several cases of abdominal endometriosis in baboons that developed PPE.

Materials And Methods: Ten cases of PPE and four of intra-abdominal endometriosis (three simultaneous) were identified at necropsy in baboons (Papio spp.

The effect of air tamponade on the ingress of ocular surface pathogens in sutureless transconjunctival microincisional vitrectomy.

Purpose: To assess the effect of air versus fluid tamponade on the intraocular migration of india ink particles through nonsutured transconjunctival 23-gauge sclerotomies in living porcine eyes.

Methods: Both eyes (n = 20) underwent 3-port, transconjunctival, 23-gauge vitrectomy. An angled trocar insertion technique was used in all cases.

A cohort study reporting clinical risk factors and individual risk perceptions of prostate cancer: implications for PSA testing.

Unlabelled: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Prostate cancer has three known clinical risk factors: age, ethnicity and family history. Men's knowledge of prostate cancer is low. This study demonstrates that men rely on family and friends to learn about prostate cancer and help them interpret their risk.

The decrease in the unintentional injury mortality disparity between American Indians/Alaska Natives and non-American Indians/Alaska Natives in New Mexico, 1980 to 2009.

Objectives: We tracked the unintentional injury death disparity between American Indians/Alaska Natives and non-American Indians/Alaska Natives in New Mexico, 1980 to 2009.

Methods: We calculated age-adjusted rates and rate ratios for unintentional injury deaths and their external causes among American Indians/Alaska Natives and non-American Indians/Alaska Natives. We tested trend significance with the Mann-Kendall test.

Cancer awareness among adolescents in Britain: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Little is known about adolescents' cancer awareness and help-seeking behaviour in Britain. This study assessed adolescents': awareness of cancer symptoms, common cancers, and the relationship between cancer and age; anticipated delay and perceived barriers to seeking medical advice; and examined variation by age, gender, ethnicity and whether individuals knew someone with cancer.

Methods: A survey was conducted using a modified paper version of the Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM).

The societal burden of blindness secondary to retinopathy of prematurity in Lima, Peru.

Purpose: To determine the cost-effectiveness of laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Lima, Peru.

Design: A cost-of-illness study (in US dollars) to determine the direct cost of treatment, the indirect lifetime cost of blindness, and the quality-adjusted life years.

Methods: The direct cost of ROP-related treatment was determined by reviewing data retrospectively from a social security sector hospital.

Differences in self-assessed health by socioeconomic group amongst people with and without a history of cancer: an analysis using representative data from Scotland.

Introduction: This paper considers socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health amongst people with and without a history of cancer using representative data from Scotland.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis using the Scottish Health Survey was done. Cancer survivors were identified using linked Cancer Registry data.

Pathology of spontaneous air sacculitis in 37 baboons and seven chimpanzees and a brief review of the literature.

Background: Air sacculitis is an important clinical condition in non-human primates.

Methods: We evaluated 37 baboons and seven chimpanzees with spontaneous air sacculitis submitted to pathology over a 20-year period.

Results: Air sacculitis was observed almost exclusively in males.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor/Ewing sarcoma of the retina.

An 11-year-old boy underwent enucleation of his left eye for an intraocular tumor. Examination showed a small, round blue cell tumor arising in the peripheral retina near the ciliary body. Immunohistochemical stain results were positive for neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, cluster of differentiation 99 (CD99), Friend leukemia integration 1, and CD56.

Angle dependent optical properties of polymer films with a biomimetic anti-reflecting surface replicated from cylindrical and tapered nanoporous alumina.

Anodic porous alumina nanostructures have been fabricated with tapered and cylindrical pores with a spacing of 100 and 200 nm and depth of 180-500 nm. The porous nanostructures were replicated into polymer films to create a moth-eye anti-reflecting surface by a roll-to-roll UV replication process. The angle dependent optical transmission of the resulting polymer films exhibited up to a 2% increase in transmission at a normal angle and up to a 5% increase in transmission at a 70° angle of incidence to an equivalent film with a surface replicated from polished aluminum.

Abruptio placentae in the baboon (Papio spp.).

Introduction: Placental abruption is a serious condition that increases perinatal morbidity and mortality. Clinical prevention and treatment options are limited, especially in human preterm deliveries. Knowledge of the mechanisms that keep the placenta in place during pregnancy is critical for developing strategies for the prevention of abruption.

A systematic review of compliance to oral nutritional supplements.

Background & Aims: Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) play a key role in the management of malnutrition. This systematic review examined patients' compliance with ONS across healthcare settings and the influence of patient and ONS-related factors.

Methods: A systematic review identified 46 studies (n = 4328) of ONS in which data on compliance (% of prescribed quantity of ONS consumed) was available.

Multimodality diagnostic imaging in unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy.

Objective: To describe the clinical features and imaging characteristics in unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy.

Methods: Retrospective review of 4 patients with a diagnosis of unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy. Clinical characteristics (age, symptoms, Snellen visual acuity, and funduscopic features) and images from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography were analyzed.

Thioredoxin, oxidative stress, cancer and aging.

The Free Radical or Oxidative Stress Theory of Aging is one of the most popular theories in aging research and has been extensively studied over the past several decades. However, recent evidence using transgenic/knockout mice that overexpress or down-regulate antioxidant enzymes challenge the veracity of this theory since the animals show no increase or decrease in lifespan. These results seriously call into question the role of oxidative damage/stress in the aging process in mammals.

Does reduced IGF-1R signaling in Igf1r+/- mice alter aging?

Mutations in insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway have been shown to lead to increased longevity in various invertebrate models. Therefore, the effect of the haplo-insufficiency of the IGF-1 receptor (Igf1r(+/-)) on longevity/aging was evaluated in C57Bl/6 mice using rigorous criteria where lifespan and end-of-life pathology were measured under optimal husbandry conditions using large sample sizes. Igf1r(+/-) mice exhibited reductions in IGF-1 receptor levels and the activation of Akt by IGF-1, with no compensatory increases in serum IGF-1 or tissue IGF-1 mRNA levels, indicating that the Igf1r(+/-) mice show reduced IGF-1 signaling.

Cancer as biographical disruption: constructions of living with cancer.

Purpose: From a cancer survivor perspective, the purpose of this paper is to explore what has changed in their lives that they attribute to the disease. The rationale for the study is that evidence of the extent to which cancer disrupts people's lives in the longer term is contradictory.

Methods: Written accounts from 40 cancer survivors were analysed using interpretative methods.

Sclerosing cholangitis in baboons (Papio spp) resembling primary sclerosing cholangitis of humans.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic and progressive cholestatic liver disease that has been extensively documented in the human literature. Although it shares many features in common with chronic lymphocytic cholangitis in cats, primary sclerosing cholangitis has never been reported in a nonhuman primate. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterized by the presence of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic inflammation and concentric fibrosis of bile ducts, eventually leading to cirrhosis and hepatic failure.

Mammary gland specific expression of Brk/PTK6 promotes delayed involution and tumor formation associated with activation of p38 MAPK.

Introduction: Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are frequently overexpressed and/or activated in human malignancies, and regulate cancer cell proliferation, cellular survival, and migration. As such, they have become promising molecular targets for new therapies. The non-receptor PTK termed breast tumor kinase (Brk/PTK6) is overexpressed in approximately 86% of human breast tumors.

Intraoperative microscope-mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography for evaluation of retinal anatomy during macular surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the use of microscope mounted spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to detect changes in retinal anatomy during macular surgery.

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Participants: We included 25 eyes of 24 consecutive patients who underwent SD-OCT during macular surgery.

Thioredoxin 1 overexpression extends mainly the earlier part of life span in mice.

We examined the effects of increased levels of thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) on resistance to oxidative stress and aging in transgenic mice overexpressing Trx1 [Tg(TRX1)(+/0)]. The Tg(TRX1)(+/0) mice showed significantly higher Trx1 protein levels in all the tissues examined compared with the wild-type littermates. Oxidative damage to proteins and levels of lipid peroxidation were significantly lower in the livers of Tg(TRX1)(+/0) mice compared with wild-type littermates.

The morphometry of materno-fetal oxygen exchange barrier in a baboon model of obesity.

Introduction: More than one-fourth of U.S. women are overweight; more than one-third are obese.