Influence of white-light-emitting diodes on primary visual cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons (V1L5PNs) and remodeling by blue-light-blocking lenses.

Studies have explored the consequences of excessive exposure to white-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the retina. Hence, we aimed to assess the implications of such exposure on structural alterations of the visual cortex, learning and memory, and amelioration by blue-light-blocking lenses (BBLs). Eight-week-old Wistar rats (n = 24) were used for the experiment and divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group) as control, white LED light exposure (LE), BBL Crizal Prevencia-1 (CP), and DuraVision Blue-2 (DB).

Effect of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Exposure on Vitreous Metabolites-Rodent Study.

The exposure to blue and white Light emitting diodes (LED) light leads to damage in the visual system with short-term LED light exposure. Chronic exposure, adaptive responses to light, and self-protective mechanisms against LED light exposures need to be explored, and it would be essential to understand the repercussions of LED radiation on vitreous metabolites. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were used in this study, divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group).

A rare case of lobulated complete renal fusion with multiple hila and vasculature.

Complete renal fusion without crossed renal ectopia denotes the medial fusion of the renal parenchyma (with or without changes in the microarchitecture) in the pelvis with anteriorly placed short ureters terminating into the bladder. This could be due to the failure of renal analgen to ascent, lateral migration, axial rotation, and persistence of primitive vascular supply. Though remain asymptomatic such cases warrant concomitant congenital anomalies of other organ systems as well as the microarchitecture changes in the renal parenchyma.

Left-Sided Persistent Superior Vena Cava with Superior Hemiazygos Arch.

Persistent Left-side Superior Vena Cava (PLSVC) is the congenital central venous anomaly draining into the right atrium in 82-90% of cases via coronary sinus produce no haemodynamically significant consequences. In few cases it may drain into the left atrium directly or through the pulmonary veins resulting in right to left shunt. During routine undergraduate dissection, we found a PLSVC formed by the union of left subclavian and left internal jugular veins behind the left sternoclavicular joint was terminated into the right atrium through a larger coronary sinus ostium.

Accessory pancreatic duct patterns and their clinical implications.

Context And Objective: Accessory pancreatic duct (APD) designed to reduce the pressure of major pancreatic duct by forming a secondary drainage channel. Few studies have mentioned the variant types of accessory ducts and their mode of formation, some of these have a clear clinical significance. Present study is aimed to evaluate the possible variations in the APD and its terminations.

Anti-osteoporotic activity of the petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. in ovariectomized Wistar rats.

Background: The plant Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) is used as an osteoprotective agent in Ayurveda, the Indian system of alternative medicine. The present study was done to validate the anti-osteoporotic role of the petroleum ether extract of CQ on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats.

Methods: Female wistar rats were divided into five groups of six rats each; (1) The Normal control (NC) group (n=6) received no surgery and no treatment, (2).

Anomalous azygos venous system in a south Indian cadaver: a case report.

Introduction: The posterior thoracic wall, an area drained by the azygos venous system, is a common site for surgical intervention. Since the venous part of the cardiovascular system is subject to most common variation, abnormalities in the azygos venous system are often reported.

Case Presentation: During routine dissection classes for undergraduate medical students, we encountered a variation in the azygos venous system in a 65 years old south Indian male cadaver.

Co-existence of superficial ulnar artery and aneurysm of the deep palmar arch in the hand.

During routine anatomy dissection classes for undergraduate medical students, an unilateral case of superficial ulnar artery (SUA) in a 75-year-old male human cadaver arosing from the third part of the right axillary artery at the junction of the two median nerve roots was observed. In the hand, the SUA coursed over the flexor retinaculum and anastomosed with the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery to form the superficial palmar arch. After the origin of the SUA, the axillary artery continued as the brachial artery, which was divided into radial and common interosseous arteries at the neck of the radius.

Variant insertion of coracobrachialis muscle in a South Karnataka cadaver.

Background: The coracobrachialis is a muscle of arm has been known for its morphological variations. The variation of the coracobrachialis reported in this case is unique and to the best of our knowledge this variation is not reported in south karnataka population.

Case Presentation: During routine dissection, we observed an unusual insertion of a coracobrachialis muscle with an accessory slip in the right arm of an old male cadaver.