Characterising the change rule of freshness and inorganic anions in reconstituted tobacco pulp with oscillation time.

In order to study the change rule of freshness and acid ions in reconstituted tobacco slurry, the content changes of 17 organic acids and 5 inorganic anions in reconstituted tobacco slurry with different residence times under confined condition were determined by on-line solid-phase extraction ion chromatography in this study. The results showed that the changes of acetic acid, nitrate ion and isovaleric acid in different reconstituted tobacco slurries with oscillation time were regular and consistent, and the trends of the changes of acetic acid, nitrate ion and isovaleric acid in different reconstituted tobacco slurries with oscillation time were correlated with each other in a highly significant way. Taking the evaluation of olfactory aroma and sensory quality qualities of reconstituted tobacco pulps with different residence times as a benchmark, it was found that the variation patterns of nitrate ions and isovaleric acid in reconstituted tobacco pulps with oscillation time were consistent with the variation patterns of olfactory and sensory qualities in the process of closed oscillation; compared with the fresh pulp, the olfactory aroma and sensory qualities of tobacco pulps had unpleasant odours appearing when the content of nitrate ions was reduced by about 48%.

Crystallization ripening and erosion of calcium oxalate under the effect of bacteria and a polymer materials surface.

As typical examples of pathological biomineralization, urinary stones and stent encrustation have been associated with bacteria, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the effect of Gram-negative and Gram-positive on the nucleation and growth of calcium oxalate crystals both in solution and on material surfaces was investigated. Both bacteria can promote calcium oxalate crystallization, and shows a prominent ability to boost the nucleation and growth rate.

A Competition for the Diagnosis of Myopic Maculopathy by Artificial Intelligence Algorithms.

Importance: Myopic maculopathy (MM) is a major cause of vision impairment globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) algorithms for detecting MM from fundus images could potentially improve diagnosis and assist screening in a variety of health care settings.

Objectives: To evaluate DL algorithms for MM classification and segmentation and compare their performance with that of ophthalmologists.

Soluble Tim-3 serves as a tumor prognostic marker and therapeutic target for CD8 T cell exhaustion and anti-PD-1 resistance.

Resistance to PD-1 blockade in onco-immunotherapy greatly limits its clinical application. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing-3 (Tim-3), a promising immune checkpoint target, is cleaved by ADAM10/17 to produce its soluble form (sTim-3) in humans, potentially becoming involved in anti-PD-1 resistance. Herein, serum sTim-3 upregulation was observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and various digestive tumors.

P-NiFeO/N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes/NiFe Multi-Phase Heterojunctions for Overall Water Splitting and Urea Electrolysis.

The design and construction of highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting and urea electrolysis are significantly important for promoting energy conversion and realizing green hydrogen production. In this work, we constructed a multi-phase heterojunction through a simple hydrothermal and phosphorization process. The P-doped NiFeO (P-NiFeO) nanoparticles were uniformly anchored on the bamboo-like N-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) grown via a NiFe-alloy autocatalysis.

Effects of Separation and Purification Methods on Antioxidation, Hypoglycemic and DNA Protection Activity of Fenugreek Polysaccharide.

Six low molecular weight fenugreek polysaccharides (FP) were isolated and purified by ethanol stepwise precipitation (EFP-20, EFP-40, and EFP-60) and DEAE-52 cellulose column method (DFP-0, DFP-0.15, and DFP-0.3), respectively.

OliTag-seq enhances in cellulo detection of CRISPR-Cas9 off-targets.

The potential for off-target mutations is a critical concern for the therapeutic application of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Current detection methodologies, such as GUIDE-seq, exhibit limitations in oligonucleotide integration efficiency and sensitivity, which could hinder their utility in clinical settings. To address these issues, we introduce OliTag-seq, an in-cellulo assay specifically engineered to enhance the detection of off-target events.

MTS-LOF: Medical Time-Series Representation Learning via Occlusion-Invariant Features.

Medical time series data are indispensable in healthcare, providing critical insights for disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient management. The exponential growth in data complexity, driven by advanced sensor technologies, has presented challenges related to data labeling. Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a transformative approach to address these challenges, eliminating the need for extensive human annotation.

A transformer-based diffusion probabilistic model for heart rate and blood pressure forecasting in Intensive Care Unit.

Background And Objective: Vital sign monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is crucial for enabling prompt interventions for patients. This underscores the need for an accurate predictive system. Therefore, this study proposes a novel deep learning approach for forecasting Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) in the ICU.

Knowledge distillation under ideal joint classifier assumption.

Knowledge distillation constitutes a potent methodology for condensing substantial neural networks into more compact and efficient counterparts. Within this context, softmax regression representation learning serves as a widely embraced approach, leveraging a pre-established teacher network to guide the learning process of a diminutive student network. Notably, despite the extensive inquiry into the efficacy of softmax regression representation learning, the intricate underpinnings governing the knowledge transfer mechanism remain inadequately elucidated.

Continual Learning with Deep Neural Networks in Physiological Signal Data: A Survey.

Deep-learning algorithms hold promise in processing physiological signal data, including electrocardiograms (ECGs) and electroencephalograms (EEGs). However, healthcare often requires long-term monitoring, posing a challenge to traditional deep-learning models. These models are generally trained once and then deployed, which limits their ability to adapt to the dynamic and evolving nature of healthcare scenarios.

Moisturizing and aroma-enhancing effects of low molecular weight fenugreek polysaccharides in cigarettes.

Polysaccharides possess excellent moisturizing effects due to their abundance of hydrophilic groups and film-forming properties. Additionally, they can produce a refreshing aroma during the pyrolysis process. However, there is scarce research on their application in the tobacco field.

CD147: an integral and potential molecule to abrogate hallmarks of cancer.

CD147 also known as EMMPRIN, basigin, and HAb18G, is a single-chain type I transmembrane protein shown to be overexpressed in aggressive human cancers of CNS, head and neck, breasts, lungs, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, skin, hematological, and musculoskeletal. In these malignancies, the molecule is integral to the diverse but complimentary hallmarks of cancer: it is pivotal in cancerous proliferative signaling, growth propagation, cellular survival, replicative immortality, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion, invasion, and metastasis. CD147 also has regulatory functions in cancer-enabling characteristics such as DNA damage response (DDR) and immune evasion.

Enhancing cord blood stem cell-derived NK cell growth and differentiation through hyperosmosis.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells hold great promise in treating diverse hematopoietic and solid tumors. Despite their availability from peripheral blood and cord blood, stem cell-derived NK cells offer an 'off-the-shelf' solution. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from cord blood pose no risk to the newborn or mother and are virtually ideal sources for NK cell differentiation.

MitomiR-1736-3p regulates copper-induced mitochondrial pathway apoptosis by inhibiting AATF in chicken hepatocytes.

Copper (Cu) is a toxic heavy metal pollutant. The hepatic toxicity of Cu has attracted widespread attention from researchers. However, its underlying mechanism remains elusive.

Fast CU Partition Algorithm for Intra Frame Coding Based on Joint Texture Classification and CNN.

High-efficiency video coding (HEVC/H.265) is one of the most widely used video coding standards. HEVC introduces a quad-tree coding unit (CU) partition structure to improve video compression efficiency.

Heterogeneous bacterial communities affected by phytoplankton community turnover and microcystins in plateau lakes of Southwestern China.

Both phytoplankton and bacteria are fundamental organisms with key ecological functions in lake ecosystems. However, the mechanistic interactions through which phytoplankton community change and bacterial communities interact remain poorly understood. Here, the responses of bacterial communities to the community structure, resource-use efficiency (RUE), and community turnover of phytoplankton and microcystins (MCs) were investigated in Lake Dianchi, Lake Xingyun, and Lake Erhai of Southwestern China across two seasons (May and October 2020).

N-acetylcysteine alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis and prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in type 1 diabetes mellitus through the NRF2/HO-1 pathway.

Aims: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been linked to the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy. Insulin monotherapy may lead to excessive blood glucose fluctuations. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a clinically employed antioxidant, possesses cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

Biocatalytic Fluoroalkylation Using Fluorinated -Adenosyl-l-methionine Cofactors.

Modification of organic molecules with fluorine functionalities offers a critical approach to develop new pharmaceuticals. Here, we report a multienzyme strategy for biocatalytic fluoroalkylation using -adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTs) and fluorinated SAM cofactors prepared from ATP and fluorinated l-methionine analogues by an engineered human methionine adenosyltransferase hMAT2A. This work introduces the first example of biocatalytic 3,3-difluoroallylation.

Psychoneurological symptoms and inflammatory markers in patients with glioma in China: a network analysis.

Purpose: Anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, fatigue, and pain develop as common psychoneurological symptoms in patients with glioma, and their occurrence and development are potentially related to inflammatory factors. However, this theory has not been proven within the context of glioma. This study aimed to estimate interconnections among psychoneurological symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers by a network analysis.

Sequential targeting biomimetic nano platform for enhanced mild photothermal therapy and chemotherapy of tumor.

Tumor targeting drug delivery is of significant importance for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) considering the presence of appreciable amount of tumor matrix and the absence of effective targets on the tumor cells. Hence in this study, a new therapeutic multifunctional nanoplatform with improved TNBC targeting ability and efficacy was constructed and used for therapy of TNBC. Specifically, curcumin loaded mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA/Cur) nanoparticles were synthesized.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Nitric Oxide-Donating Ligustrazine Derivatives as Potent Antiplatelet Aggregation Agents.

Antiplatelet aggregation agents have demonstrated clinical benefits in the treatment of ischemic stroke. In our study, a series of novel nitric oxide (NO)-donating ligustrazine derivatives were designed and synthesized as antiplatelet aggregation agents. They were evaluated for the inhibitory effect on 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation in vitro.

DeScoD-ECG: Deep Score-Based Diffusion Model for ECG Baseline Wander and Noise Removal.

Objective: Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals commonly suffer noise interference, such as baseline wander. High-quality and high-fidelity reconstruction of the ECG signals is of great significance to diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel ECG baseline wander and noise removal technology.

Hyperhomocysteinemia activates NLRP3 inflammasome to cause hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance via MDM2-mediated ubiquitination of HSF1.

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance (IR). However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Recent studies have demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a vital role in NAFLD and IR.