Adaptation of feeding behaviors on two Brassica species by colonizing and noncolonizing Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) NW whiteflies.

Bemisia tabaci New World (NW) (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a whitefly in the B. tabaci species complex, is polyphagous on many plant species. Yet, it has been displaced, albeit not entirely, by other whitefly species.

Relationship between the length of macular Bruch's membrane on fundus photograph and myopia occurrence in pre-myopia children aged 3-6 years: A 3-year longitudinal study.

Purpose: To evaluate the occurrence and influencing factors of myopia occurrence in pre-myopia children aged 3-6 years.

Methods: This study included 204 pre-myopia (-0.50D View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Temporal vascular arcade angle in fundus image was associated with the rate of spherical equivalent refractive error and axial length changes in myopia children with young school age.

Purpose: To evaluate temporal vascular arcade angle and its influencing factors in myopic children.

Methods: It was a retrospective study, we reviewed the records of 119 patients aged 6-10 years with myopia (spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) ≤ -0.05D) in the third year of follow-up in Beijing Hyperopia Reserve Research.

An Engineered Citrus Tristeza Virus (T36CA)-Based Vector Induces Gene-Specific RNA Silencing and Is Graft Transmissible to Commercial Citrus Varieties.

A protein-expressing citrus tristeza virus-based vector construct, pT36CA-V1.3, obtained from a California isolate of the T36 strain (T36CA), was retooled into a virus-induced gene silencing system intended for use with studies of California citrus. Virus-induced gene silencing constructs engineered with a truncated () gene sequence in the sense or antisense orientation worked equally well to silence the endogenous gene.

Tessellated fundus occurs earlier than myopia in children aged 3-6 years.

Background/objectives: Tessellated fundus can exist in normal healthy eyes. This study aims to evaluate the occurrence and influencing factors of tessellated fundus in preschool children aged 3-6 years.

Subjects/methods: This kindergarten-based cross-sectional study included 1716 children with an age range of 3-6 years.

Compost Filling Methods Affect Green Mold Disease Incidence in Commercial Mushrooms.

Green mold () is an invasive disease of commercial mushrooms introduced into the United States from Europe that now has spread to commercial mushrooms throughout North America. We examined potential sources of invasive green mold inoculum and the association with different compost filling technologies on a large actively producing commercial mushroom farm. Green mold foci were sampled bed by bed, which generated 20,906 data points.

The determinants of growth failure in children under five in 25 low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Past studies have identified determinants of growth failure (GF) such as socio-economic, nutritional, parenting, and inequality factors. However, few studies investigate the numerous causes of GF across multiple countries. By analysing the data of children under five in 25 low and middle-income countries, this study aims to examine the correlations of determinants with GF to identify the strongest modifiable risk factors.

Effectiveness of telemonitoring intervention on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rising global health concern that requires long-term treatment and close monitoring. Telemonitoring has been shown to be a promising tool to facilitate patient-physician interaction and improve glycaemic control.

Method: Randomised controlled trials (RCT) of telemonitoring in T2DM published between 1990 and 2021 were searched through multiple electronic databases.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Helping People on Sick Leave to Return to Work: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Previous research has systematically studied the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)-based interventions in managing both mental and physical symptoms of chronic disease including depression, stress-related mental disorders (SMD), and chronic pain that are common causes of sick leave. However, a systematic review focusing on the effectiveness of CBT in facilitating RTW is lacking. This study compiles research on utilizing CBT-based interventions for helping employees on sick leave return to work.

Differential Activity-Dependent Increase in Synaptic Inhibition and Parvalbumin Interneuron Recruitment in Dentate Granule Cells and Semilunar Granule Cells.

Strong inhibitory synaptic gating of dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs), attributed largely to fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs), is essential to maintain sparse network activity needed for dentate dependent behaviors. However, the contribution of PV-INs to basal and input-driven sustained synaptic inhibition in GCs and semilunar granule cells (SGCs), a sparse morphologically distinct dentate projection neuron subtype, is currently unknown. In studies conducted in hippocampal slices from mice, we find that although basal IPSCs are more frequent in SGCs and optical activation of PV-INs reliably elicited IPSCs in both GCs and SGCs, optical suppression of PV-INs failed to reduce IPSC frequency in either cell type.

Synergistic effects of miR-708-5p and miR-708-3p accelerate the progression of osteoporosis.

Background: Bone homeostasis is a tightly orchestrated process maintained by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and a disruption of their steady-state equilibrium can lead to the occurrence of osteoporosis (OP).

Methods: We investigated the differential expression of micro (mi)RNAs in the bone tissues of a postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model induced by ovariectomy (OVX). Real-time PCR was used to verify the differentially expressed miRNAs in bone samples from OP patients and controls.

Developmental changes in structural and functional properties of hippocampal AMPARs parallels the emergence of deliberative spatial navigation in juvenile rats.

The neural mechanisms that support the late postnatal development of spatial navigation are currently unknown. We investigated this in rats and found that an increase in the duration of AMPAR-mediated synaptic responses in the hippocampus was related to the emergence of spatial navigation. More specifically, spontaneous alternation rate, a behavioral indicator of hippocampal integrity, increased at the end of the third postnatal week in association with increases in AMPAR response duration at SC-CA1 synapses and synaptically driven postsynaptic discharge of CA1 pyramidal neurons.

Developmental reorganization of the output of a GABAergic interneuronal circuit.

Locally projecting inhibitory interneurons play a crucial role in the patterning and timing of network activity. However, because of their relative inaccessibility, little is known about their development or incorporation into circuits. In this report we demonstrate that the GABAergic R-interneuron circuit undergoes a reorganization in the chick embryo spinal cord between embryonic days 8 and 15 (E8 and E15).

[Association between TGF-Beta1 in allograft and chronic allograft nephropathy].

Objective: To investigate the relation between TGF-beta1 in allograft and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).

Methods: The levels of urine TGF-beta1 were tested in 146 recipients whose renal function were normal from September 1, 2000 to January 31, 2001. Twenty recipients with the highest level of urine TGF-beta1 were classified in group A, while 20 other recipients with the lowest level of urine TGF-beta1 were classified in group B.

Development of an inhibitory interneuronal circuit in the embryonic spinal cord.

Locally projecting inhibitory interneurons play a crucial role in the patterning and timing of network activity. However, because of their relative inaccessibility, little is known about their development or incorporation into circuits. In this study, we characterized the functional onset, neurotransmitters, rostrocaudal spread, and funicular distribution of one such spinal interneuronal circuit during development.

Differences in transient outward current properties between neonatal and adult human atrial myocytes.

Unlabelled: Knowledge of postnatal modulation of I(to) in human atrial myocytes is quite limited. The present study investigated the differences in I(to) properties between neonatal and adult human atrial myocytes.

Methods: Atrial myocytes were dissociated enzymatically from biopsies of human right atrial appendage.

Prevention of chronic rejection in murine cardiac allografts: a comparison of chimerism- and nonchimerism-inducing costimulation blockade-based tolerance induction regimens.

We have previously described a nonirradiation-based regimen combining costimulation blockade, busulfan, and donor bone marrow cells that promotes stable, high level chimerism, deletion of donor-reactive T cells, and indefinite survival of skin allografts in mice. The purpose of the current study is to determine the efficacy of this tolerance regimen in preventing acute and chronic rejection in a vascularized heart graft model and to compare this regimen with other putative tolerance protocols. Mice receiving costimulation blockade (CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40 ligand) alone or in combination with donor cells enjoyed markedly prolonged heart graft survival and initially preserved histological structure.

Calcineurin inhibitor-free CD28 blockade-based protocol protects allogeneic islets in nonhuman primates.

Recent success using a steroid-free immunosuppressive regimen has renewed enthusiasm for the use of islet transplantation to treat diabetes. Toxicities associated with the continued use of a calcineurin inhibitor may limit the wide-spread application of this therapy. Biological agents that block key T-cell costimulatory signals, in particular the CD28 pathway, have demonstrated extraordinary promise in animal models.