CPT1 deficiency blocks autophagic flux to promote lipid accumulation induced by co-exposure to polystyrene microplastic and cadmium.

Introduction: Cadmium (Cd) and polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), two ubiquitous environmental contaminants, produce unique synergistic toxicity when co-existing. Key unanswered questions include specific effects on liver function and potential mechanisms.

Methods: In this study, C57BL/6 mice and AML12 cells were used to establish and models to elucidate the effects of combined exposure to PS-MPs and Cd on the liver and their mechanisms.

Co-exposure to cadmium and microplastics promotes liver fibrosis through the hemichannels -ATP-P2X7 pathway.

Microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd) are important environmental pollutants, that damage the liver. However, the effect and mechanism of combined Cd and MPs exposure on liver fibrosis are still largely unknown. In this study investigated, Cd + MPs exposure increased superoxide anion production and promoted extracellular ATP release compared with exposure to Cd or MPs individually.

Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging may detect tumour residuals during surgery for bone and soft-tissue tumours.

The aim of this study was to determine the rate of indocyanine green (ICG) staining of bone and soft-tissue tumours, as well as the stability and accuracy of ICG fluorescence imaging in detecting tumour residuals during surgery for bone and soft-tissue tumours. ICG fluorescence imaging was performed during surgery in 34 patients with bone and soft-tissue tumours. ICG was administered intravenously at a dose of 2 mg/kg over a period of 60 minutes on the day prior to surgery.

Polystyrene Microplastics Induce Oxidative Stress in Mouse Hepatocytes in Relation to Their Size.

Microplastics have become a new type of environmental pollutant that can accumulate in various tissues and organs of the body and cause chronic damage. In this study, two different size polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs, 5 μm and 0.5 μm) exposure models were established in mice to investigate the effects of PS-MPs with different particle sizes on oxidative stress in the liver.

Polystyrene exacerbates cadmium-induced mitochondrial damage to lung by blocking autophagy in mice.

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental heavy metal, and its accumulation is harmful to animal and human health. The cytotoxicity of Cd includes oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial histopathological changes. Furthermore, polystyrene (PS) is a kind of microplastic piece derived from biotic and abiotic weathering courses, and has toxicity in various aspects.

Microplastics Exacerbate Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury by Enhancing Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Fibrosis.

Cadmium (Cd) is a potential pathogenic factor in the urinary system that is associated with various kidney diseases. Microplastics (MPs), comprising of plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter, are a major carrier of contaminants. We applied 10 mg/L particle 5 μm MPs and 50 mg/L CdCl2 in water for three months in vivo assay to assess the damaging effects of MPs and Cd exposure on the kidney.

Outcomes of Semiknee Replacement in Skeletally Immature Bone Sarcoma Patients.

Introduction:  A semiknee mega endoprosthesis (SKMEP) was used to replace the resected distal femur or proximal tibia in skeletally immature bone sarcoma patients. This study investigated the surgical technique, endoprosthesis survival rate, functional outcome, complications, and approaches to resolve limb-length discrepancy (LLD) following this procedure.

Patients And Methods:  In total, 15 girls and 16 boys with a mean age of 9.

Elbow hemiarthroplasty with a 3D-printed megaprosthesis for defects of the distal humerus or proximal ulna after tumour resection : a preliminary report.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of application of a 3D-printed megaprosthesis with hemiarthroplasty design for defects of the distal humerus or proximal ulna following tumour resection.

Methods: From June 2018 to January 2020, 13 patients with aggressive or malignant tumours involving the distal humerus (n = 8) or proximal ulna (n = 5) were treated by en bloc resection and reconstruction with a 3D-printed megaprosthesis with hemiarthroplasty, designed in our centre. In this paper, we summarize the baseline and operative data, oncological outcome, complication profiles, and functional status of these patients.

Ultra-Short Course of Neo-Adjuvant Denosumab for Nerve-Sparing Surgery for Giant Cell Tumor of Bone in Sacrum.

Study Deign: This was a retrospective study about sacral giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB).

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether ultra-short course of neo-adjuvant denosumab treatment for sacral GCTB could (1) induce radiological and histological response? (2) Facilitate nerve-sparing surgery? (3) Achieve satisfactory oncological and functional outcomes?

Summary Of Background Data: Previous reports on long course of neo-adjuvant denosumab treatment for GCTB showed significant tumor response and a relatively high recurrent rate after curettage.

Methods: Sixty-six patients with sacral GCTB treated with neoadjuvant denosumab and nerve-sparing surgery were categorized into ultra-short course group (≤3 doses and operation within D21 since 1st dose, 41 patients) or conventional group (>3 doses or operation after D21 since 1st dose, 25 patients).

Surgical treatment of benign osteolytic lesions in the femoral head and neck: a systematic review.

Background And Objectives: Treatment of benign osteolytic lesions in the femoral head and neck can be extremely challenging, particularly in children with open physis or for aggressive tumors with pathological fracture. There remains the difficult management decision as to whether to perform complete excision of the involved area or only curettage. Moreover, there is no agreed consensus on the optimal approach to lesion access when performing curettage, which included the transcervical, open and direct approach.

Improving the Versatility of the Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap Using the Perforator Propeller Flap Concept.

Background: The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is widely used in reconstructive surgery; however, primary donor-site closure remains challenging when a wide flap is harvested.

Methods: A large latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was elevated and transferred to repair defects. Perforators adjacent to the donor site of the myocutaneous flap were explored using an ultrasound Doppler probe or a technique of extensive exploration along the margins of the donor site wound.

Assessment of patient experiences following total sacrectomy for primary malignant sacral tumors: A qualitative study.

Background And Objectives: Few reports have investigated patient experiences following total en bloc sacrectomy. The aims of this study were to obtain a deeper understanding of patients' personal experiences, needs, and satisfaction with the treatment to reveal areas in which perioperative and long-term patient care can be improved.

Methods: A qualitative design was applied to examine patient experiences and supportive care needs.

Pelvic reconstruction following resection of tumour involving the whole ilium and acetabulum.

Background: Functional reconstruction following resection of pelvic tumours with the ileum and the acetabulum involvement is challenging and demanding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of these patients receiving pelvic reconstruction with a femoral head autograft plus a hemipelvic prosthesis.

Methods: Eighteen patients receiving pelvic reconstruction with a femoral head autograft plus a hemipelvic prosthesis following resection of pelvic tumours involving the whole ileum and the acetabulum were included in this study from April 2006 to June 2014.

Functional results of wrist arthrodesis versus arthroplasty with proximal fibula following giant cell tumour excision of the distal radius.

Twenty-one patients underwent excision of a Campanacci grade III giant cell tumour of the distal radius and had reconstruction using a proximal fibula autograft. We compared the functional results of wrist arthrodesis versus arthroplasty. All 21 patients healed in an average of 8 months, and all have remained disease free.

Factors Associated With Spinopelvic Fixation Mechanical Failure After Total Sacrectomy.

Study Design: We retrospectively analyzed factors associated with spinopelvic mechanical failure after total sacrectomy.

Objective: To find the rate and type of mechanical fixation failure after total sacrectomy and to identify the associated risk factors.

Summary Of Background Data: Although rigid fixation has been achieved, mechanical failure is sometimes encountered in reconstruction after total sacrectomy.

Reconstruction of segmental bone defect of long bones after tumor resection by devitalized tumor-bearing bone.

Background: The reconstruction of an intercalary bone defect after a tumor resection of a long bone remains a challenge to orthopedic surgeons. Though several methods have been adopted to enhance the union of long segmental allografts or retrieved segmental autografts to the host bones, still more progresses are required to achieve a better union rate. Several methods have been adopted to devitalize tumor bone for recycling usage, and the results varied.

Preservation of the contralateral sacral nerves during hemisacrectomy for sacral malignancies.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the oncologic and functional outcome of the cases treated with hemisacrectomy through a sagittal plane in the sacrum and simultaneous en bloc resection together with the ipsilateral sacroiliac joint without sacrificing the contralateral sacral nerves and summarize tumor resection techniques and reconstruction strategy.

Methods: En bloc resection of a sacral malignancy with ipsilateral sacroiliac joint and preservation of the contralateral sacral nerves by sagittal hemisacrectomy had been performed in 15 patients. An intra-abdominal aortic balloon was used in all these cases and a combined posterior-anterior approach was adopted.

Experience with wound complications after surgery for sacral tumors.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to summarize our experience in treating sacral wound complications after sacrectomy. We focus, in particular, on factors associated with wound complications, including surgical site infection (SSI) and wound dehiscence.

Methods: The definition of SSI devised by Horgan et al.

[Ewing's sarcoma of the pelvis: treatment results of 31 patients].

Objective: To define oncologic and functional outcomes of multidisciplinary treatment methods combined chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy, patients with Ewing's sarcoma of the pelvis who were treated at our center were analyzed.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with Ewing's sarcoma of the pelvis were eligible for this analysis. Primary lung metastases occurred in ten patients who were classified as stage III according to the system of Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS).

[Utilization of reinforced acetabular cages with caudal flange in reconstructing pelvic defect after acetabular tumor resection].

Objective: To evaluate the surgical procedure of reinforced acetabular cage with caudal flange in reconstruction of pelvic defect after acetabular tumor resection.

Methods: Between June 2003 and December 2009, 25 patients with Harrington class III pelvic defect underwent reconstruction with a reinforced acetabular cage with caudal flange and total hip arthroplasty (THA). There were 13 males and 12 females with an average age of 51.

[An analysis of prognostic factors for malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone].

Objective: To study the risk factors related to the survival rate, recurrence and metastasis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone.

Methods: From July 1997 and July 2010, 56 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone were treated. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the probable risk factors including gender, age, tumor location, tumor size and so on.

Intralesional excision versus wide resection for giant cell tumor involving the acetabulum: which is better?

Background: Because of the anatomic complexity of the pelvis, there is no standard surgical treatment for giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the pelvic bones, especially in the periacetabular region. Treatment options include intralesional curettage with or without adjunctive techniques and wide resection. The best surgical treatment of a pelvic GCT remains controversial.

[The survival and functional outcome of primary bone sarcomas in distal lower extremity].

Objective: To analyze the oncological and functional outcome of limb salvage in this location.

Methods: From November 2003 to January 2010, 20 patients with primary malignant bone tumors of the distal lower extremity were treated. There were 15 male and 5 female, the mean age was 20 years.

[Revision surgery for custom-made tumor prosthesis of knee joint].

Objective: To evaluate the surgical skill, cause of revision, complications, prosthetic survival and postoperative function in revision of custom-made tumor prosthesis replacement of knee joint.

Methods: The clinical data of 33 patients who received prosthetic revision surgery between June 2002 and June 2007 were reviewed. There were 17 males and 16 females with an average age of 33.