Recent advances in CRISPR-Cas system for Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineering.

Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) is a crucial industrial platform for producing a wide range of chemicals, fuels, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceutical ingredients. It is also commonly used as a model organism for fundamental research.

Cryo-EM structure of the β-1,3-glucan synthase FKS1-Rho1 complex.

β-1,3 Glucan synthase (GS) is essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. The GS holoenzyme comprises the glycosyltransferase FKS1 and its regulatory factor Rho1, a small GTPase. However, the mechanism by which Rho1 activates FKS1 in a GTP-dependent manner remains unclear.

Terminal Fluorination Modulates Crystallinity and Aggregation of Fully Non-Fused Ring Electron Acceptors for High-Performance and Durable Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors.

High dark current density (J) severely hinders further advancement of near-infrared organic photodetectors (NIR OPDs). Herein, we tackle this grand challenge by regulating molecular crystallinity and aggregation of fully non-fused ring electron acceptors (FNREAs). TBT-V-F, which features fluorinated terminals, notably demonstrates crystalline intensification and a higher prevalence predominance of J-aggregation compared to its chlorinated counterpart (TBT-V-Cl).

New perspectives on microbiome-dependent gut-brain pathways for the treatment of depression with gastrointestinal symptoms: from bench to bedside.

Patients with depression are more likely to have chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms than the general population, but such symptoms are considered only somatic symptoms of depression and lack special attention. There is a chronic lack of appropriate diagnosis and effective treatment for patients with depression accompanied by GI symptoms, and studying the association between depression and GI disorders (GIDs) is extremely important for clinical management. There is growing evidence that depression is closely related to the microbiota present in the GI tract, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is creating a new perspective on the association between depression and GIDs.

Effects of Weizhuan'an on rats with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer based on regulating gastric mucosal microflora and inflammatory factors.

Objectives: This study aimed to observe the intervention of Weizhuan'an prescription on rats with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) as well as its regulation on gastric mucosal microflora and inflammatory factors and explore the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of Weizhuan'an Formula.

Methods: The rats were classified into the blank control group (BCG); low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of Weizhuan'an prescription (LDG, MDG, and HDG, respectively); and natural recovery group (NRG) at random. The rats in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group were given corresponding doses of Weizhuan'an formula, while the rats in the NRG and BCG were given an equivalent volume of distilled water for 12 weeks.

Hybrid Cas12a Variants with Relaxed PAM Requirements Expand Genome Editing Compatibility.

Cas12a is a widely used programmable nuclease for genome editing across a variety of organisms, but its application is limited by its PAM recognition restriction. To alleviate these PAM constraints, protein engineering efforts have been applied to expand the PAM recognition range. In this study, we designed and constructed 990 synthetic hybrid Cas12a chimeras through domain shuffling and screened an efficient hybrid Cas12a (ehCas12a) that could recognize a broad range PAM of 5'-TYYN-3' (Y is T or C and N is A, T, C, or G).

A model-based sliding mode control with intelligent distribution for a proportional valve driven by digital valve arrays.

Parallel-connected digital valve arrays are commonly utilized in the pilot stage of the proportional directional valve to enhance dynamic performance and reliability. However, when the digital valve array is driven by a digital signal, it is difficult to optimally assign the signal pulses to each valve. If the assignment is not well executed, it can significantly reduce the switching uniformity of the digital valves or lead to performance degradation of the system.

Integrated bioinformatics and network pharmacology identifying the mechanisms and molecular targets of Guipi Decoction for treatment of comorbidity with depression and gastrointestinal disorders.

Background: Guipi decoction (GPD) not only improves gastrointestinal (GI) function, but also depressive mood. The bioinformatics study aimed to reveal potential crosstalk genes and related pathways between depression and GI disorders. A network pharmacology approach was used to explore the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of GPD for the simultaneous treatment of depression comorbid GI disorders.

Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Natural Sugar Substitutes in Yeast.

Natural sugar substitutes are safe, stable, and nearly calorie-free. Thus, they are gradually replacing the traditional high-calorie and artificial sweeteners in the food industry. Currently, the majority of natural sugar substitutes are extracted from plants, which often requires high levels of energy and causes environmental pollution.

Identification and validation of ferroptosis-related biomarkers and the related pathogenesis in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.

Using advanced bioinformatics techniques, we conducted an analysis of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC). We also investigated their connection to immune cell infiltration and diagnostic value, ultimately identifying new molecular targets that could be used for PLGC patient treatment. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and FerrDb V2 databases were used to identify FRGs.

Mechanistic investigation of a D to N mutation in DAHP synthase that dictates carbon flux into the shikimate pathway in yeast.

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) is a key enzyme in the shikimate pathway for the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds. -Phe and -Tyr bind to the two main DAHPS isoforms and inhibit their enzyme activities, respectively. Synthetic biologists aim to relieve such inhibitions in order to improve the productivity of aromatic compounds.

Yeast: A platform for the production of -tyrosine derivatives.

-Tyrosine derivatives are widely applied in the pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries. Their production is mainly confined to chemical synthesis and plant extract. Microorganisms, as cell factories, exhibit promising advantages for valuable chemical production to fulfill the increase in the demand of global markets.

Structural basis of the substrate recognition and inhibition mechanism of Plasmodium falciparum nucleoside transporter PfENT1.

By lacking de novo purine biosynthesis enzymes, Plasmodium falciparum requires purine nucleoside uptake from host cells. The indispensable nucleoside transporter ENT1 of P. falciparum facilitates nucleoside uptake in the asexual blood stage.

High-Level Production of Hydroxytyrosol in Engineered .

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a valuable aromatic compound with numerous applications. Herein, we enabled the efficient and scalable HT production in engineered () from glucose. Starting from a tyrosol-overproducing strain, six HpaB/HpaC combinations were investigated, and the best catalytic performance was acquired with HpaB from (HpaB) and HpaC from (HpaC), resulting in 425.

Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine for vascular endothelial growth factor.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main regulator of physiological angiogenesis during embryonic development, bone growth, and reproductive function, and it also participates in a series of pathological changes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with a history of more than 2000 years, has been widely used in clinical practice, while the exploration of its mechanisms has only begun. This review summarizes the research of recent years on the influence of TCM on VEGF.

A comprehensive update: gastrointestinal microflora, gastric cancer and gastric premalignant condition, and intervention by traditional Chinese medicine.

With the recent upsurge of studies in the field of microbiology, we have learned more about the complexity of the gastrointestinal microecosystem. More than 30 genera and 1000 species of gastrointestinal microflora have been found. The structure of the normal microflora is relatively stable, and is in an interdependent and restricted dynamic equilibrium with the body.

Long-term oral administration of hyperoside ameliorates AD-related neuropathology and improves cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the pathological hallmarks of β-amyloid plaque deposits, tau pathology, inflammation, and cognitive decline. Hyperoside, a flavone glycoside isolated from Rhododendron brachycarpum G. Don (Ericaceae), has neuroprotective effects against Aβ both in vitro and in vivo.

[Research progress in establishment of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine-induced rat model of Precancerous lesion of gastric cancer].

Gastric cancer(GC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, seriously threatens human health due to its high morbidity and mortality. Precancerous lesion of gastric cancer(PLGC) is a critical stage for preventing the occurrence of gastric cancer, and PLGC therapy has frequently been investigated in clinical research. Exploring the proper animal modeling methods is necessary since animal experiment acts as the main avenue of the research on GC treatment.

Harnessing the Endogenous 2μ Plasmid of for Pathway Construction.

pRS episomal plasmids are widely used in , owing to their easy genetic manipulations and high plasmid copy numbers (PCNs). Nevertheless, their broader application is hampered by the instability of the pRS plasmids. In this study, we designed an episomal plasmid based on the endogenous 2μ plasmid with both improved stability and increased PCN, naming it p2μM, a 2μ-modified plasmid.

Synthesis and magnetic properties in quaternary CaPrCoAssingle crystals.

Series of CaPrCoAs(= 0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.

A comprehensive update on early gastric cancer: defining terms, etiology, and alarming risk factors.

Introduction: Early gastric cancer (EGC) is a well-defined gastric malignancy that is limited to the mucosa or submucosa, irrespective of lymph node metastasis. At an early stage, gastric cancer often does not cause symptoms until it becomes advanced, and it is a heterogeneous disease and usually encountered in its late stages.

Area Covered: This comprehensive review will provide a novel insight into the evaluation of EGC epidemiology, defining terms, extensive etiology and risk factors, and timely diagnosis since prevention is an essential approach for controlling this cancer and reducing its morbidity and mortality.

Multi-modular engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for high-titre production of tyrosol and salidroside.

Tyrosol and its glycosylated product salidroside are important ingredients in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmetics. Despite the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to naturally synthesize tyrosol, high yield from de novo synthesis remains a challenge. Here, we used metabolic engineering strategies to construct S.

Efficient Multiplex Genome Editing in via Engineered CRISPR-Cas12a Systems.

strains produce a great number of valuable natural products. With the development of genome sequencing, a vast number of biosynthetic gene clusters with high potential for use in the discovery of valuable clinical drugs have been revealed. Therefore, emerging needs for tools to manipulate these biosynthetic pathways are presented.