Validation of a Biomechanical Injury and Disease Assessment Platform Applying an Inertial-Based Biosensor and Axis Vector Computation.

Inertial kinetics and kinematics have substantial influences on human biomechanical function. A new algorithm for Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-based motion tracking is presented in this work. The primary aims of this paper are to combine recent developments in improved biosensor technology with mainstream motion-tracking hardware to measure the overall performance of human movement based on joint axis-angle representations of limb rotation.

Femoral morphology in Ortolani's anatomical collection of developmental dysplasia of the hip: Anteversion is unrelated to severity of infantile dysplasia.

Purpose: This study evaluated and quantified femoral anteversion and femoral head sphericity in healthy and dysplastic hips of post-mortem infant specimens from Ortolani's collection.

Methods: Healthy hips and hips with cases of dysplasia, with a large variety of severity, were preserved. Morphological measurements were taken on 14 specimens (28 hips), with a mean age of 4.

A patient-specific lower extremity biomechanical analysis of a knee orthotic during a deep squat movement.

Although knee orthotics have become the preferred treatment method for rehabilitation and injury prevention, their biomechanical influence has not yet been quantified. A new type of knee joint orthosis (KJO) using a non-linear spring-loaded (NLSL) component was recently introduced to help prevent the growing number of knee injuries and aid during rehabilitation. The purpose of this case study is to quantify the lower extremity biomechanical effects and evaluate functional benefits of a new KJO as a precision treatment option.

Biomechanical evaluation of femoral anteversion in developmental dysplasia of the hip and potential implications for closed reduction.

Background: Earlier clinical reports have identified femoral anteversion as a factor associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip. This study investigates the biomechanical influence of femoral anteversion on severe dislocations and its effect on hip reduction using the Pavlik harness.

Methods: A computational model of an infant lower-extremity, representing a ten-week old female was used to analyze the biomechanics of anteversion angles ranging from 30° to 70° when severe dislocation was being treated with the Pavlik harness.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip: A computational biomechanical model of the path of least energy for closed reduction.

This study utilized a computational biomechanical model and applied the least energy path principle to investigate two pathways for closed reduction of high grade infantile hip dislocation. The principle of least energy when applied to moving the femoral head from an initial to a final position considers all possible paths that connect them and identifies the path of least resistance. Clinical reports of severe hip dysplasia have concluded that reduction of the femoral head into the acetabulum may occur by a direct pathway over the posterior rim of the acetabulum when using the Pavlik harness, or by an indirect pathway with reduction through the acetabular notch when using the modified Hoffman-Daimler method.

A patient-specific model of the biomechanics of hip reduction for neonatal Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Investigation of strategies for low to severe grades of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

A physics-based computational model of neonatal Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) following treatment with the Pavlik Harness (PV) was developed to obtain muscle force contribution in order to elucidate biomechanical factors influencing the reduction of dislocated hips. Clinical observation suggests that reduction occurs in deep sleep involving passive muscle action. Consequently, a set of five (5) adductor muscles were identified as mediators of reduction using the PV.