The activities of daily living partially mediate the relationship between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease.

Objective: A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate whether rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder affect depression in patients with Parkinson's disease through activities of daily living.

Methods: A total of 387 Parkinson's disease patients' six-year follow-up data (one follow-up per year) were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. To allow causal effects to manifest, this study increased the lag period and divided the data from the six follow-ups into two groups: wave 1 (wave refers to time points), wave 3, and wave 5 as one group, and wave 2, wave 4, and wave6 as the other group.

Sex differences in the association between Body Mass Index and cognitive function in Parkinson disease: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study utilized a binary logistic regression model to explore the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from 1,005 Parkinson's patients enrolled in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) from 2010 to 2023, including 378 females and 627 males. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, and the correlation between BMI and cognitive function was determined using binary logistic regression.

Motor dysfunction in Parkinson's patients: depression differences in a latent growth model.

Objective: This study aims to utilize latent growth model (LGM) to explore the developmental trajectory of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and investigate the relationship between depression and motor dysfunction.

Methods: Four-year follow-up data from 389 PD patients were collected through the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI). Firstly, a univariate LGM was employed to examine the developmental trajectory of motor dysfunction in PD patients.

Joint Exposure to Multiple Air Pollutants, Genetic Susceptibility, and Incident Dementia: A Prospective Analysis in the UK Biobank Cohort.

This study aimed to evaluate the joint effects of multiple air pollutants including PM, PM, NO, and NO with dementia and examined the modifying effects of genetic susceptibility. This study included 220,963 UK Biobank participants without dementia at baseline. Weighted air pollution score reflecting the joint exposure to multiple air pollutants were constructed by cross-validation analyses, and inverse-variance weighted meta-analyses were performed to create a pooled effect.

Cell Differentiation Trajectory Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapeutic Response in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the main type of malignancy in kidney related to glucose metabolism. Primary single cell culture and single cell sequencing are novel research technologies. In this study, we explored the differentiation status of ccRCC cells and its significance in prognosis and immunotherapeutic response through bioinformatics.

Instrumental Heterogeneity in Sex-Specific Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization: Empirical Results From the Relationship Between Anthropometric Traits and Breast/Prostate Cancer.

Background: In two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, sex instrumental heterogeneity is an important problem needed to address carefully, which however is often overlooked and may lead to misleading causal inference.

Methods: We first employed cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), Pearson's correlation analysis, and the Cochran's test to examine sex genetic similarity and heterogeneity in instrumental variables (IVs) of exposures. Simulation was further performed to explore the influence of sex instrumental heterogeneity on causal effect estimation in sex-specific two-sample MR analyses.

Leveraging Methylation Alterations to Discover Potential Causal Genes Associated With the Survival Risk of Cervical Cancer in TCGA Through a Two-Stage Inference Approach.

Background: Multiple genes were previously identified to be associated with cervical cancer; however, the genetic architecture of cervical cancer remains unknown and many potential causal genes are yet to be discovered.

Methods: To explore potential causal genes related to cervical cancer, a two-stage causal inference approach was proposed within the framework of Mendelian randomization, where the gene expression was treated as exposure, with methylations located within the promoter regions of genes serving as instrumental variables. Five prediction models were first utilized to characterize the relationship between the expression and methylations for each gene; then, the methylation-regulated gene expression (MReX) was obtained and the association was evaluated via Cox mixed-effect model based on MReX.

Detection of Genetic Overlap Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using GWAS Summary Statistics.

Background: Clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are comorbidities and common genetic etiologies can partly explain such coexistence. However, shared genetic determinations underlying the two diseases remain largely unknown.

Methods: Our analysis relied on summary statistics available from genome-wide association studies of SLE ( = 23,210) and RA ( = 58,284).

Assessing the Relationship Between Leukocyte Telomere Length and Cancer Risk/Mortality in UK Biobank and TCGA Datasets With the Genetic Risk Score and Mendelian Randomization Approaches.

Background: Telomere length is an important indicator of tumor progression and survival for cancer patients. Previous work investigated the associations between genetically predicted telomere length and cancers; however, the types of cancers investigated in those studies were relatively limited or the telomere length-associated genetic variants employed often came from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with small sample sizes.

Methods: We constructed the genetic risk score (GRS) for leukocyte telomere length based on 17 associated genetic variants available from the largest telomere length GWAS up to 78,592 individuals.

Mendelian randomization implies no direct causal association between leukocyte telomere length and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (n = ~ 38,000 for LTL and ~ 81,000 for ALS in the European population; n = ~ 23,000 for LTL and ~ 4,100 for ALS in the Asian population). We further evaluated mediation roles of lipids in the pathway from LTL to ALS. The odds ratio per standard deviation decrease of LTL on ALS was 1.

Refractive error among urban preschool children in Xuzhou, China.

The prevalence of refractive errors in urban preschool children in Xuzhou, China remains unknown. Children attending twelve randomly selected kindergartens participated in this study. Visual acuity, ocular alignment, cover-uncover test, cycloplegic refraction, slit-lamp and funduscopy were performed under a standardized testing environment.

[The application of artificial neural network in studying landless farmer's mental health problems].

To introduce a method of classification with high precision--the artificial neural network (ANN), and to compare the results using logistic regression method. Using data from 1070 landless peasants' mental health survey, the artificial neural network models and logistic regression model were built and compared on their advantages and disadvantages of the two models. The prediction accuracy for artificial neural network was 94.

[Effect of three ways of nutritional education on knowledge-attitude-behavior with nutrition in pupils].

Objective: To explore the effects of different nutritional education ways on knowledge-attitude-behavior with nutrition in pupils.

Methods: According to cluster randomization sampling methods, application three ways of nutritional education, nutritional education for pupils, nutritional education for pupils' parents and nutritional education for both pupils and their parents, to 1477 pupils from three, four and five grades in primary school in Xuzhou City.

Results: Although each of three ways can improve the level of nutrition knowledge and diet behavior, the way of nutritional education for both pupils and their parents gets the best effect and the following is the way of nutritional education for pupils.