Primary Vocal Cord Aspergillosis Can Involve the Trachea and Bronchus in Previously Healthy Patients: A Case Report.

Primary vocal cord aspergillosis is extremely rare in immunocompetent individuals, in whom lesions are mainly confined to the larynx, with the possibility of tracheal and bronchial infection largely ignored. In this article, we present a case of primary vocal cord aspergillosis involving the trachea and bronchus in a previously healthy 55-year-old woman. Our case highlights that vocal cord aspergillosis can involve the trachea and bronchus and that laryngoscopy alone may be insufficient to secure a comprehensive diagnosis in healthy patients presenting with hoarseness, pharyngalgia, and normal chest radiography.

Clinical phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea: a cluster analysis based on sleep perception and sleep quality.

Purpose: To determine obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) phenotypes using cluster analysis including variables of sleep perception and sleep quality and to further explore factors correlated with poor sleep quality in different clusters.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with OSA undergoing polysomnography (PSG) between December 2020 and April 2022. Two-step cluster analysis was performed to detect distinct clusters using sleep perception variables including discrepancy in total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), and wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO); objective TST, SOL, and WASO; and sleep quality.