Discovery of a polyketide carboxylate phytotoxin from a polyketide glycoside hybrid by β-glucosidase mediated ester bond hydrolysis.

Fungal phytotoxins cause significant harm to agricultural production or lead to plant diseases. Discovering new phytotoxins, dissecting their formation mechanism and understanding their action mode are important for controlling the harmful effects of fungal phytopathogens. In this study, a long-term unsolved cluster (polyketide synthase 16, PKS16 cluster) from species was thoroughly investigated and a series of new metabolites including both complex α-pyrone-polyketide glycosides and simple polyketide carboxylates were identified from .

A Cytochrome P450 Catalyzes Oxidative Coupling Formation of Insecticidal Dimeric Indole Piperazine Alkaloids.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-catalyzed oxidative coupling is an efficient strategy for using simple building blocks to construct complex structural scaffolds of natural products. Among them, heterodimeric coupling between two different monomers is relatively scarce, and the corresponding CYP450s are largely undiscovered. In this study, we discovered a fungal CYP450 (CpsD) and its associated cps cluster from 37208 CYP450s of Pfam PF00067 family member database and subsequently identified a group of new skeleton indole piperazine alkaloids (campesines A-G) by combination of genome mining and heterologous synthesis.

Genome Mining Reveals the Biosynthesis of Sativene and Its Oxidative Conversion to -Sativene.

Sativene () and -sativene are an important family of fungal sesquiterpenoids that feature unique tricyclo[4.4.0.

Scalable synthesis of N, O co-doped hierarchical porous carbon for high energy density supercapacitors.

Rational design of hierarchical porous architecture with abundant pseudocapacitive sites is highly desirable for carbon electrode materials. However, the lengthy production process and high economic input limit its broader application. Herein, we successfully prepared N, O co-doped hierarchical porous carbon (NOHC) through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of chitin biomass with the assist of NHCl and subsequent carbonization with NaNH.

Biosynthesis of Cosmosporasides Reveals the Assembly Line for Fungal Hybrid Terpenoid Saccharides.

Fungal hybrid terpenoid saccharides constitute a new and growing family of natural products with significant biomedical and agricultural activities. One representative family is the cosmosporasides, which feature oxidized terpenoid units and saccharide moieties; however, the assembly line of these building blocks has been elusive. Herein, a cos cluster from Fusarium orthoceras was discovered for the synthesis of cosmosporaside C (1) by genome mining.

Six Sets of Aromatic Polyketides Differing in Size and Shape Derive from a Single Biosynthetic Gene Cluster.

One new aromatic polyketide, prealnumycin B (), and four known aromatic polyketides, K1115A (), 1,6-dihydroxy-8-propylanthraquinone (DHPA, ), phaeochromycin B (), and ()-7-acetyl-3,6-dihydroxy-8-propyl-3,4dihydronaphthalen-1(2)-one (), were isolated from the marine-derived SCSIO NS01; these compounds represent four sets of aromatic polyketides differing in size and shape. A type II polyketide synthase (PKS) cluster, , was identified by complete genome sequencing and was shown, by gene inactivation experiments in the wild-type (WT) NS01 strain and heterologous expression experiments, to encode the biosynthesis of compounds -. Moreover, heterologous expression of the cluster afforded three additional aromatic polyketides representing two different carbon skeletons, the new phaeochromycin L () and two known aromatic polyketides, phaeochromycins D () and E ().

Highly transparent, hydrophobic, and durable anisotropic cellulose films as electronic screen protectors.

Cellulose films have attracted extensive interest in the field of burgeoning electronic devices. However, it remains a challenge to simultaneously address the difficulties including facile methodology, hydrophobicity, optical transparency, and mechanical robustness. Herein, we reported a coating-annealing approach to fabricate highly transparent, hydrophobic, and durable anisotropic cellulose films, where poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-PTFEMA) as low surface energy chemicals was coated onto regenerated cellulose films via physical (hydrogen bonds) and chemical (transesterification) interactions.

Characterization of the Glycosyltransferase and Methyltransferase Encoded Remotely from the Actinopyrone Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Enables Access to Diverse Analogues.

The actinopyrone biosynthetic gene cluster () lacks glycosyl- and methyltransferase genes, yet its product clearly calls for such enzymes. Using bioinformatics and biochemical methods, we confirmed that the and genes, well beyond the cluster boundaries, encode methyltransferase and glycosyltransferase, respectively. Moreover, homologous protein GT1507 enabled us to produce 14 non-natural actinopyrone analogues.

Secondary Metabolites and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Analysis of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent-Derived sp. SCSIO ZS0520.

sp. SCSIO ZS0520 is a deep-sea hydrothermal vent-derived actinomycete. Our previous metabolism investigation showed that sp.

Discovery, Structure Correction, and Biosynthesis of Actinopyrones, Cytotoxic Polyketides from the Deep-Sea Hydrothermal-Vent-Derived sp. SCSIO ZS0520.

Three new actinopyrone derivatives, actinopyrones E-G (, , and ), together with three known analogues, PM050463 (), actinopyrone D (), and PM050511 (), were isolated from sp. SCSIO ZS0520 derived from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Their structures, complete with absolute configurations, were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic analyses combined with Mosher's method, ECD calculations, and bioinformatics analyses.

Genome Mining and Metabolic Profiling Uncover Polycyclic Tetramate Macrolactams from SCSIO 5802.

We have previously shown deep-sea-derived SCSIO 5802 to produce two types of active secondary metabolites, abyssomicins and candicidins. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of SCSIO 5802 employing bioinformatics to highlight its potential to produce at least 21 categories of natural products. In order to mine novel natural products, the production of two polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PTMs), the known 10--HSAF () and a new compound, koyanamide A (), was stimulated via inactivation of the abyssomicin and candicidin biosynthetic machineries.

Dracomolphin A-E, new lignans from Dracocephalum moldavica.

Eight new lignans, dracomolphin A-E (1-8), together with eight known lignans (9-16) were isolated from the aerial part of Dracocephalum moldavica. The structures of the isolated compounds were established based on NMR and HRESIMS data. Dracomolphin A (1-4) was elucidated as a lignan possessed a 5-membered ketal ring formed between C-8' and C-3, C-4.

Morusin induces apoptosis and autophagy via JNK, ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling in human lung carcinoma cells.

Due to drug resistance and side effects, the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of lung cancer is still in an urgent need. Morusin, a naturally occurring prenylated flavonoid isolated from the root bark of Morus alba, has been reported to be a promising candidate for cancer treatment including lung cancer. This study aimed to validate the anti-cancer effects of morusin in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and NCI-H292.

On-PKS Baeyer-Villiger-Type O-Atom Insertion Catalyzed by Luciferase-Like Monooxygenase OvmO during Olimycin Biosynthesis.

A silent ansamycin biosynthetic gene cluster () was activated in SCSIO T05 following mutagenesis and media optimization. A new shunt product, olimycin C () was produced by the -inactivated mutant strain, along with a minor product, olimycin D (). The production of these linear olimycin counterparts suggest that luciferase-like monooxygenase (LLM) OvmO catalyzes an on-PKS Baeyer-Villiger-type oxidation during assembly of the olimycin A () linear polyketide backbone.

Bruceine D induces lung cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS/MAPK signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.

Worldwide, lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality. Bruceine D (BD) has been shown to induce pancreatic cancer cell death via several different mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that BD inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation.

Flavonoids from the leaves of Nakai and their potential cytotoxic activities.

Phytochemical studies on the leaves of Nakai have resulted in the discovery of two new flavonol glycosides, koreanoside F () and koreanoside G (), along with six known flavonoids. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of HRESIMS, UV, IR, 1 D NMR and 2 D NMR data. Absolute configurations of and was further determined by C-NMR spectra with gate decoupling (GD).