Gαi1/3 signaling mediates IL-5-induced eosinophil activation and type 2 inflammation in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Uncontrolled severe eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) is associated with elevated levels of Th2 cells and raised immunoglobulin concentrations in nasal polyp tissue. eCRS is characterized by high eosinophilic infiltration and type 2 inflammation. Gαi1/3 proteins participate in allergic inflammation by regulating immune cells.

CXCR5TIM-3PD-1 stem-like cytotoxic CD8 T cells: elevated in chronic rhinosinusitis and associated with disease severity.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with an autoimmune background. Altered expression levels of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5), and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are implicated in the progression of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, CXCR5TIM-3PD-1 stem-like cytotoxic T cells function as memory stem cells during chronic disease processes and retain cytotoxicity-related gene networks.

Visual and bibliometric analysis of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent sinonasal inflammation and sinus microbiome dysbiosis. Nasal polyps (NPs) are one of the main manifestations that cause diverse clinical symptoms of CRS.

Objective: We sought to conduct a bibliometric and visual analysis of articles on CRS and NPs published between 2003 and 2022 to provide researchers with the current state of research and potential directions.

Role of stem cell-like memory T cells in autoimmune diseases.

Stem cell-like memory T (T) cell is a memory T cell subset with characteristics of long life span, consistent self-renewing, and the multipotent capacity to reconstitute the memory and effector T cell subsets. T cell is the least differentiated cell in the memory T lymphocyte system, endowed with the stem cell-like ability, and it is essential for maintaining functional immunity. In addition, owing to its robust potential for immune reconstitution, it is central player in many physiological and pathological human processes.

Involvement of CD40-CD40L and ICOS-ICOSL in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis by targeting eosinophils.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), whose prevalence and pathogenesis are age-related, is characterized by nasal tissue eosinophil infiltration. CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway involves in the eosinophil-mediated inflammation, and inducible co-stimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand (ICOSL) signal can strengthen CD40-CD40L interaction. Whether CD40-CD40L and ICOS-ICOSL have a role in the development of CRS remains unknown.