Elevated postoperative systemic immune-inflammation index associates with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a large-scale cohort study.

Objective: To investigate whether postoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery.

Methods: We included patients undergoing cardiac surgery from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅳ database to conduct a retrospective cohort study. The outcomes are AKI, severe AKI, and 30-day mortality after cardiac surgery.

TFAM is an autophagy receptor that limits inflammation by binding to cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA.

When cells are stressed, DNA from energy-producing mitochondria can leak out and drive inflammatory immune responses if not cleared. Cells employ a quality control system called autophagy to specifically degrade damaged components. We discovered that mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM)-a protein that binds mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-helps to eliminate leaked mtDNA by interacting with the autophagy protein LC3 through an autolysosomal pathway (we term this nucleoid-phagy).

ATP9A deficiency causes ADHD and aberrant endosomal recycling via modulating RAB5 and RAB11 activity.

ATP9A, a lipid flippase of the class II P4-ATPases, is involved in cellular vesicle trafficking. Its homozygous variants are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. However, its physiological function, the underlying mechanism as well as its pathophysiological relevance in humans and animals are still largely unknown.

Postoperative anion gap associates with short- and long-term mortality after cardiac surgery: A large-scale cohort study.

Objective: To investigate whether postoperative anion gap (AG) is associated with short- and long-term mortality in patients following cardiac surgery.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults who underwent cardiac surgery from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care - III database. The generalized additive model (GAM), logistic regression, and Cox regression were performed to assess the correlations between AG levels and in-hospital, 90-day, and 4-year mortality.

Phosphorylation at Ser 727 Increases STAT3 Interaction with PKC Regulating Neuron-Glia Crosstalk via IL-6-Mediated Hyperalgesia In Vivo and In Vitro.

Methods: A rat hyperalgesia model was induced using an intraplantar injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or an intrathecal injection of IL-6. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated using von Frey filament tests after intrathecal injections of T-5224 (c-Fos/AP-1 inhibitor), minocycline (Mino, a specific microglia inhibitor), L-2-aminoadipic acid (LAA, an astroglial toxin), PKC inhibitor peptide, APTSTAT3-9R (STAT3 inhibitor), or anti-IL-6 antibody. The c-Fos, GFAP, Iba-1, PKC, STAT3, pSTAT3 and pSTAT3, and IL-6 expression at the spinal cord level was assessed by Western blot analysis.

Sigma-1 Receptor and Binding Immunoglobulin Protein Interact with Ulinastatin Contributing to a Protective Effect in Rat Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion.

Objective: To investigate impact of ulinastatin (UTI) on sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) and binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Methods: The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used to induce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control, MCAO, MCAO+50,000 U/kg UTI, MCAO+100,000 U/kg UTI, MCAO+200,000 U/kg UTI, MCAO+300,000 U/kg UTI.

Allopurinol ameliorates liver injury in type 1 diabetic rats through activating Nrf2.

Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays important roles in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a common complication in diabetic patients. The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is important for cell antioxidant protection, while its role in exogenous antioxidant mediated protection against NAFLD is unclear. We thus, postulated that antioxidant treatment with allopurinol (ALP) may attenuate diabetic liver injury and explored the underlying mechanisms.

Antinociceptive effects of IL-6R vs. glucocorticoid receptors during rat hind paw inflammatory pain.

Background: The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) plays a role in inflammatory pain modulation. However, the specific role played by interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) in these processes remains elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the extent of inflammation induced by IL-6R and GR.

Allopurinol reduces oxidative stress and activates Nrf2/p62 to attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats.

Allopurinol (ALP) attenuates oxidative stress and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the mechanism is unclear. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) following the disassociation with its repressor Keap1 under oxidative stress can maintain inner redox homeostasis and attenuate DCM with concomitant attenuation of autophagy. We postulated that ALP treatment may activate Nrf2 to mitigate autophagy over-activation and consequently attenuate DCM.

[Effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory factors level and cognitive function after femoral head replacement in elderly patients].

Objective: To analyze the effect of dexmedetomidine on the inflammatory factors level and cognitive function after femoral head replacement in elderly patients.

Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, 60 elderly patients(more than 60 years old, and Grade I to II of ASA) treated with femoral head replacement were divided into three groups, and 20 in each group. All patients received midazolam, fentanyl, etomidate, cisatracurium anesthesia induction and sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia maintenance.

Tramadol attenuates the sensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide through the suppression of Cx43‑mediated gap junction intercellular communication.

Analgesics and antineoplastic drugs are often used concurrently for cancer patients. Our previous study reported that gap junctions composed of connexin32 (Cx32) was implicated in the effect of analgesics on cisplatin cytotoxicity. However, the effect of analgesic on the most widely expressed connexin (Cx), connexin43 (Cx43), and whether such effect mediates the influence on chemotherapeutic efficiency remain unknown.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells therapy for acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in a rat model.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a group of complicated syndromes with a high mortality rate. The administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) has been tested as a possible treatment method for AKI. The long-term evaluation of AKI induced by ischemia/reperfusion (IR) and the probable renal protection of ADMSCs are limited.

Cardioprotection from emulsified isoflurane postconditioning is lost in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes due to the impairment of Brg1/Nrf2/STAT3 signalling.

Isoflurane postconditioning (IsoPostC) attenuates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) is critical in ischaemic postconditioning cardioprotection, which can be regulated by the Brahma-related gene (Brg1) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), although they are both reduced in diabetic hearts. We hypothesized that reduced Brg1/Nrf2 and STAT3 activation may jeopardize IsoPostC-mediated cardioprotection in diabetic hearts.

Simvastatin protects Sertoli cells against cisplatin cytotoxicity through enhanced gap junction intercellular communication.

Cisplatin, an important chemotherapeutic agent against testicular germ cell cancer, induces testicular toxicity on Leydig and Sertoli cells, leading to serious side-effects such as azoospermia and infertility. In a previous study, it was found that simvastatin enhanced the sensitivity of Leydig tumor cells to chemotherapeutic toxicity through the enhancement of gap junction functions. In the present study, the effect of simvastatin on the sensitivity of normal Sertoli cells to cisplatin and the role of gap junctions in such effects was investigated.

[Expression of connexin 43 in spinal cord dorsal horn of rats with acute incisional pain].

Objective: To examine the effect of acute incisional pain on the expression of connexin 43 in rat spinal cord dorsal horn.

Methods: Eighty rats were assigned into control group without any treatment and incisional pain group with incision surgery. For paw incisions, a 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through the skin and fascia of the plantar aspect of the right hind paw.

Ulinastatin attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Unlabelled: To investigate the effects of Ulinastatin (UTI) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats and whether this effect might be related to Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), one hundred and eighty adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 230-280 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham (S) group, IR group and UTI (U) group. Every group was further divided into 3 sub-groups: 6 h group, 24 h group and 48 h group. The transient focal IR injury was induced by inserting a silicone-coater monofilament nylon suture (0.

Bumetanide protects focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat.

Objective: Bumetanide has been reported to attenuate ischemia-evoked cerebral edema. However, whether bumetanide can protect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in vivo is unclear. In the present study, we aim to determine whether intravenously injection bumetanide can attenuate cerebral IRI and if its protection effect might be related to the modification of cerebral NKCC1 and KCC2 protein expression.

Tetrandrine attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and induced differential proteomic changes in a MCAO mice model using 2-D DIGE.

Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke and brings about a big disease burden because of high mortality and disability in China. Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb Radix Stephania tetrandra, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging effects and even regulate astrocyte activation, but the possible role of tetrandrine in ameliorating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury of ischemic stroke remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tetrandrine on neurological injury and differential proteomic changes induced by transient reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice.

In vivo transfection of nuclear factor κB decoy protects pulmonary function against acute lung contusion in rabbits.

Background: The transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) regulates the expression of numerous proinflammatory factors that may exacerbate the response to acute injury. We investigated the effect of an inhibitory NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide on proinflammatory factor expression and pulmonary function after acute lung contusion in rabbits.

Methods: Thirty-minutes after acute lung contusion, the NF-κB decoy or a scrambled control oligodeoxynucleotide was injected via the jugular vein.

Effect of the cation-chloride cotransporter inhibitor furosemide in a rat model of postoperative pain.

Objective: Recently, evidence has accumulated to show that cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) participate in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal cord level. To investigate whether CCC inhibitors might affect surgical pain, we examined the effect of furosemide in a rat incisional pain model.

Design: We examined pain thresholds using von Frey filaments in intact and incision model Sprague-Dawley rats before and after intrathecal furosemide administration (100 µg/20 µL).