Antipyretic Effect of Dexibuprofen Versus Ibuprofen in Children With Fever Caused by Upper Respiratory Tract Infection.

Dexibuprofen is the pharmacologically active enantiomer of ibuprofen. However, its application as an antipyretic in children with fever caused by upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) requires more evidence. This study aimed to compare the antipyretic effect between dexibuprofen and ibuprofen in children with fever caused by URTI.

Ziresovir in Hospitalized Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe illness in infants, with no effective treatment. Results of a phase 2 trial suggested that ziresovir may have efficacy in the treatment of infants hospitalized with RSV infection.

Methods: In a phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in China, we enrolled participants 1 to 24 months of age who were hospitalized with RSV infection.

Systematic Infection of Chlamydia Pneumoniae.

Background: Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) is one of the most common respiratory pathogens in children and adults. It is characterized as an obligate intracellular parasite. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC), lymphocytes, and macrophages are involved in spreading chlamydia infection to extrapulmonary organs indicating that Cpn infection can cause systematic symptoms in vivo via blood transmission.

Budesonide suspension nebulization treatment in Chinese pediatric patients with cough variant asthma: a multi-center observational study.

Objective: To describe the impact of nebulized budesonide inhalation suspension (BIS) on guardian-reported symptoms in Chinese pediatric patients with cough variant asthma (CVA).

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective, non-interventional study conducted at 39 Chinese sites. Patients with CVA aged ≤5 years were classified according to the severity of baseline symptoms: mild (symptom score ≤3) or severe (symptom score >3).

[Effects of early cigarette smoke exposure on the functions of T-lymphocyte subsets in asthmatic mice].

Objective: To explore the effects of early cigarette smoke exposure on the immune functions of T-lymphocyte subsets in asthmatic mice model.

Methods: Forty mice (20 days) were randomly allocated into four groups: air control group, cigarette smoke (CS) control group, air+ovalbumin (OVA) group, and CS+OVA group (n = 10 each). The CS control and CS+OVA groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 weeks while the other two groups exposed to air.

Intestine-derived Clostridium leptum induces murine tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in vitro.

Patients with autoimmune and allergic diseases frequently present with reduced numbers and functionally impaired regulatory T cells (Tregs) and/or tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs). tDC-mediated regulation of Treg proliferation (numbers) and activation is crucial to establishing and maintaining an appropriate level of immune tolerance. Colonic colonization of Clostridium spp.

Allium sativum-derived allitridin inhibits Treg amplification in cytomegalovirus infection.

This study investigated the effects of allitridin compound on murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-induced regulatory T cell (Treg; CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) ) amplification in vivo and in vitro. One hundred twenty MCMV-infected mice were allocated at random into two groups for treatment with allitridin or placebo. Another 120 mock-infected mice were randomly allocated as controls for the allitridin treatment and placebo treatment groups.

Effect of oral feeding with Clostridium leptum on regulatory T-cell responses and allergic airway inflammation in mice.

Background: Allergic lung inflammation is mediated by allergen-specific T responses, which are negatively regulated by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Previous studies have reported that inoculation of indigenous Clostridium species in the early lives of mice can induce Tregs that colonize the colon. However, whether inoculation of C leptum alone in adult mice could induce systemic Treg responses and inhibit allergic airway inflammation remains unclear.

Status of asthma control in children and the effect of parents' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in China: a multicenter study.

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease seriously endangering the health of children. But disease awareness and self-management skills are relatively poor in children; parents play an important role in the control of childhood asthma.

Objective: To investigate the status of asthma control and severity of asthma in children and to identify impact factors.

[Levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia].

Objective: To study the levels and roles of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).

Methods: The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in BALF were measured using ELISA in children with MPP at acute stage (n=45) and at remission stage (n=30). Twenty children without lung lesions severed as the control group.

Silencing IL-23 expression by a small hairpin RNA protects against asthma in mice.

To determine the impact of IL-23 knockdown by RNA interference on the development and severity of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic inflammation, and the potential mechanisms in mice, the IL-23-specific RNAi-expressing pSRZsi-IL-23p19 plasmid was constructed and inhaled into OVA-sensitized mice before each challenge, as compared with that of control mice treated with alum or budesonide. Inhalation of the pSRZsi-IL-23p19, significantly reduced the levels of OVA-challenge induced IL-23 in the lung tissues by nearly 75%, determined by RT-PCR. In addition, knockdown of IL-23 expression dramatically reduced the numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils in BALF and mitigated inflammation in the lungs of asthmatic mice.

[Regulatory effects of inhaled steroids on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its inhibitor in asthmatic rats].

Objective: To investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and assess the effect of steroid treatment on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels. Matrix metalloproteinases are a family of zinc and calcium-dependent endopeptidases. Many MMPs such as MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 are associated with asthma, in which MMP-9 is the key factor in asthma.