Spindle component 25 predicts the prognosis and the immunotherapy response of cancers: a pan-cancer analysis.

Spindle component 25 (SPC25) is one of the four proteins that make up the nuclear division cycle 80 (NDC80) complex, the other three components being Ndc80p, Nuf2p, and spindle component 24. Deregulation of the components of this complex can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and reduced apoptosis. However, the prognostic and immunotherapeutic value of SPC25 in pan-cancer remains unclear.

The Impact of the Numbers of Monitoring Stations on the National and Regional Air Quality Assessment in China During 2013-18.

China national air quality monitoring network has become the core data source for air quality assessment and management in China. However, during network construction, the significant change in numbers of monitoring sites with time is easily ignored, which brings uncertainty to air quality assessments. This study aims to analyze the impact of change in numbers of stations on national and regional air quality assessments in China during 2013-18.

A meteorologically adjusted ensemble Kalman filter approach for inversing daily emissions: A case study in the Pearl River Delta, China.

The conventional Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), which is now widely used to calibrate emission inventories and to improve air quality simulations, is susceptible to simulation errors of meteorological inputs, making accurate updates of high temporal-resolution emission inventories challenging. In this study, we developed a novel meteorologically adjusted inversion method (MAEInv) based on the EnKF to improve daily emission estimations. The new method combines sensitivity analysis and bias correction to alleviate the inversion biases caused by errors of meteorological inputs.

Nonlinear response of SIA to emission changes and chemical processes over eastern and central China during a heavy haze month.

This study used a chemical transport model to investigate the response of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) to chemical processes and its precursor emissions over northern and southern city-clusters of China in January 2014. Unexpectedly, SIA concentrations with low levels of precursor emissions were much higher over the southern regions than those over the northern region with high levels of precursor emissions, based on ground observations and high-precision simulations. The sensitivity analysis of chemical processes suggests that the gas-phase chemistry was a critical factor determining the SIA pattern, especially the higher efficiency of nitrogen conversion to nitrate in southern cities controlled by favorable meteorological elements than that in northern city.

Improving PM Forecasts in China Using an Initial Error Transport Model.

Efforts of using data assimilation to improve PM forecasts have been hindered by the limited number of species and incomplete vertical coverage in the observations. The common practice of initializing a chemical transport model (CTM) with assimilated initial conditions (ICs) may lead to model imbalances, which could confine the impacts of assimilated ICs within a day. To address this challenge, we introduce an initial error transport model (IETM) approach to improving PM forecasts.

Improved Inversion of Monthly Ammonia Emissions in China Based on the Chinese Ammonia Monitoring Network and Ensemble Kalman Filter.

Ammonia (NH) emission inventories are an essential input in chemical transport models and are helpful for policy-makers to refine mitigation strategies. However, current estimates of Chinese NH emissions still have large uncertainties. In this study, an improved inversion estimation of NH emissions in China has been made using an ensemble Kalman filter and the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System.

Source tagging modeling study of heavy haze episodes under complex regional transport processes over Wuhan megacity, Central China.

Wuhan as a megacity of Central China was suffering from severe particulate matter pollution according to previous observation studies, however, the mechanism behind the pollution formation especially the impact of regional chemical transport is still unclear. This study, carried out on the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (NAQPMS) coupled with an on-line source-tagging module, explores different roles regional transport had in two strong haze episodes over Wuhan in October 2014 and quantitatively assesses the contributions from local and regional sources to PM concentration. Validation of predictions based on observations shows modeling system good skills in reproducing key meteorological and chemical features.