Why don't Chinese college students seek help from the National Health Service (NHS)? Chinese college students' use of medical services in the UK.

Background: International students have a lower utilization rate of the local medical service system for studying abroad, and it has been found that there may be multiple reasons behind this phenomenon. This study explores the usage of medical service systems by international students and the underlying logical factors through a study of the usage of National Health Service (NHS) of Chinese students in the UK.

Methods: To address the research questions, this study employed an online survey methodology that ran between 1st May and August 20, 2019 facing the Chinese students in the UK.

Dextran sodium sulfate potentiates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by modulating the KCa3.1 potassium channel in a mouse model of colitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, has increased in incidence and prevalence in recent decades. Both clinical and animal studies are critical for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis is a frequently used animal model of IBD, but the underlying mechanism of the model remains incompletely understood.

Baicalin inhibits necroptosis by decreasing oligomerization of phosphorylated MLKL and mitigates caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice.

Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrosis mainly controlled by receptor-interacting protein kinases 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Necroptosis has important roles in defensing against pathogenic infections, but it is also implicated in various inflammatory diseases including pancreatitis. Baicalin, a flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-pyroptosis properties, yet it is unclear whether baicalin can inhibit necroptosis and confer protection against necroptosis-related diseases.

Induction of multiple subroutines of regulated necrosis in murine macrophages by natural BH3-mimetic gossypol.

Macrophages are critical sentinel cells armed with multiple regulated necrosis pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis followed by secondary necrosis, and necroptosis, and are poised to undergo distinct form(s) of necrosis for tackling dangers of pathogenic infection or toxic exposure. The natural BH3-mimetic gossypol is a toxic phytochemical that can induce apoptosis and/or pyroptotic-like cell death, but what exact forms of regulated necrosis are induced remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrated that gossypol induces pyroptotic-like cell death in both unprimed and lipopolysaccharide-primed mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), as evidenced by membrane swelling and ballooning accompanied by propidium iodide incorporation and lactic acid dehydrogenase release.

Taraxasterol mitigates Con A-induced hepatitis in mice by suppressing interleukin-2 expression and its signaling in T lymphocytes.

Discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs that can suppress T lymphocyte activation and proliferation by inhibiting TCR/CD3 and IL-2/IL-2R signaling is still needed in clinic, though rapamycin and other related reagents have made great success. Taraxasterol (TAS) is an active ingredient of dandelion, an anti-inflammatory medicinal herb with low in vivo toxicity that has long been used in China. Yet the action mechanism of TAS on lymphocytes remains elusive.

Gout-associated monosodium urate crystal-induced necrosis is independent of NLRP3 activity but can be suppressed by combined inhibitors for multiple signaling pathways.

Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, the etiological agent of gout, are formed in joints and periarticular tissues due to long-lasting hyperuricemia. Although MSU crystal-triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) release are known to have key roles in gouty arthritis, recent studies revealed that MSU crystal-induced necrosis also plays a critical role in this process. However, it remains unknown what forms of necrosis have been induced and whether combined cell death inhibitors can block such necrosis.

A three-component reaction of arynes, sodium sulfinates, and aldehydes toward 2-sulfonyl benzyl alcohol derivatives.

A novel three-component reaction of arynes, sodium sulfinates, and aldehydes under mild reaction conditions is described. This transformation provides a direct synthetic approach to 2-sulfonyl benzyl alcohol derivatives, which could be rapidly converted to diverse arylsulfur compounds via the transformation of the corresponding hydroxyl groups. Various aryne precursors, sodium arenesulfinates, and aromatic aldehydes can be effectively converted to the desired products in 40-84% yields (29 examples).

Prevalence of clinical malaria and household characteristics of patients in tribal districts of Pakistan.

Background: Malaria, disproportionately affects poor people more than any other disease of public health concern in developing countries. In resource-constrained environments, monitoring the occurrence of malaria is essential for the success of national malaria control programs. Militancy and military conflicts have been a major challenge in monitoring the incidence and controlling malaria and other emerging infectious diseases.

Direct Synthesis of -Halogenated Arylphosphonates via a Three-Component Reaction Involving Arynes.

A three-component reaction involving arynes, trialkyl phosphites, and halides has been achieved under mild reaction conditions. This transformation provides a direct synthetic approach to -halogenated arylphosphonates, which could be rapidly converted to diversely -functionalized arylphosphorus compounds.

A phosphoryl radical-initiated Atherton-Todd-type reaction under open air.

A phosphoryl radical-initiated Atherton-Todd-type reaction using air as the radical initiator and CHCl as the halogenating reagent for the phosphorylation of alcohols, phenols, and amines has been developed. This novel transformation provides a highly efficient route to important phosphinates, phosphinic amides, and phosphoramidates in up to 99% yield with a broad substrate scope under very mild conditions (48 examples).

TBHP/NHI-Mediated Direct N-H Phosphorylation of Imines and Imidates.

A direct and practical metal-free N-H phosphorylation has been achieved via the TBHP/NHI-mediated cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions between imines/imidates and P(O)H compounds. This transformation provides an efficient synthetic route to the construction of P-N bonds with good functional group compatibility, leading to the formation of -phosphorylimines and -phosphorylimidates in up to 95% yield (33 examples) under mild conditions.

The effect of an anaesthetic patient information video on perioperative anxiety: A randomised study.

Background: Despite growing evidence that an educational anaesthesia video can effectively reduce perioperative anxiety, the ideal medium for addressing perioperative anxiety is unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of viewing an anaesthetic patient information video on anxiety levels in patients scheduled to undergo surgery.

Design: A randomised controlled trial.

Comparisons of prediction models of myofascial pain control after dry needling: a prospective study.

Background. This study purposed to validate the use of artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting myofascial pain control after dry needling and to compare the predictive capability of ANNs with that of support vector machine (SVM) and multiple linear regression (MLR). Methods.

Dry needling for myofascial pain: prognostic factors.

Objectives: The study objectives were to evaluate outcomes in patients who have received dry needling treatments and to identify predictors of pain and disability.

Design: The study was a prospective cohort follow-up design.

Setting: The study was conducted at the Pain Clinic at Pingtung Christian Hospital, Taiwan.

Educational program for myofascial pain syndrome.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate a program for managing myofascial pain syndrome (MPS).

Design: The study design was a randomized controlled trial.

Setting: The setting was the pain clinic of an academic hospital in Taiwan.

Factors leading to self-extubation of endotracheal tubes in the intensive care unit.

Aim And Objective: To discuss the factors leading to self-extubation of endotracheal tubes (ETTs) and explore the differences between the groups of patients who did and did not self-remove their ETTs.

Background: Self-extubation of ETTs has been reported to occur in 4.2% of severely ill patients and is associated with adverse medical effects.