Mechanical and Energy Evolution Characteristics of Fractured Sandstone Materials: A True Triaxial Experimental Study.

To investigate the mechanical and energy evolution characteristics of fractured rock under true triaxial stresses, true triaxial strength compression experiments on fractured sandstone were conducted with varying crack lengths and widths. The results indicate that under true triaxial stresses, the peak stress of the rock exhibits a gradual decline with an increase in crack length and width. Meanwhile, crack initiation stress and crack damage stress of fractured sandstone also demonstrate a declining trend overall, and the influence of crack length on the characteristic stress (crack initiation stress and crack damage stress) of sandstone is more pronounced than that of crack width.

Clinical Application of PARP1 Inhibitors and Challenges in Cancer Therapy.

Among the Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) family in mammals, PARP1 is the first identified and well-studied member that plays a critical role in DNA damage repair and has been proven to be an effective target for cancer therapy. Here, we have reviewed not only the role of PARP1 in different DNA damage repair pathways, but also the working mechanisms of several PARP inhibitors (PARPi), inhibiting Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) processing and PAR chains production to trap PARP1 on impaired DNA and inducing Transcription- replication Conflicts (TRCs) by inhibiting the PARP1 activity. This review has systematically summarized the latest clinical application of six authorized PARPi, including olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, talazoparib, fuzuloparib and pamiparib, in monotherapy and combination therapies with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, in different kinds of cancer.

2D MoS-based reconfigurable analog hardware.

Biological neural circuits demonstrate exceptional adaptability to diverse tasks by dynamically adjusting neural connections to efficiently process information. However, current two-dimension materials-based neuromorphic hardware mainly focuses on specific devices to individually mimic artificial synapse or heterosynapse or soma and encoding the inner neural states to realize corresponding mock object function. Recent advancements suggest that integrating multiple two-dimension material devices to realize brain-like functions including the inter-mutual connecting assembly engineering has become a new research trend.

Meta-analysis of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion versus oblique lumbar interbody fusion for treating lumbar degenerative diseases.

Objective: This study aims to perform a meta-analysis that integrates multiple literature sources to evaluate the clinical efficacy of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) versus minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) for treating lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD).

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across various databases, including CNKI, VIP, WANFANG DATA, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, for clinical comparative studies on OLIF and MIS-TLIF for treating LDD, covering the time frame from the inception of the databases to September 2024. Following PRISMA guidelines, studies were screened, assessed, and data were extracted rigorously.

Pyridazine and pyridazinone compounds in crops protection: a review.

Pyridazine and pyridazinone belong to the same group of six-membered heterocyclic compounds, and both structurally feature two adjacent nitrogen atoms. Pyridazine and pyridazinone derivatives are frequently used as core structures in the development of new green agrochemicals due to their high activity and environmental friendliness, attracting significant attention from researchers in recent years. Over the past 20 years, significant developments have occurred in the field of pyridazine and pyridazinone derivatives, which exhibit insecticidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, antiviral, and plant growth regulating activities.

Comprehensive Genetic Analysis Exploring Sedentary Lifestyle, Physical Activity, and Respiratory Diseases: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization with Over 500,000 Participants.

Introduction: The associations between sedentary lifestyles, physical activity and the risk of respiratory diseases are crucial areas of medical and health research. Despite numerous studies, uncertainties and controversies regarding causal relationships persist. We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, an advanced statistical tool, to further investigate causal links.

Lysosome-Mitochondria Cascade Targeting Nanoparticle Drives Robust Pyroptosis for Cancer Immunotherapy.

The subcellular distribution of cargoes plays a crucial role in determining cell fate and therapeutic efficacy. However, achieving the precise delivery of therapeutics to specific intracellular targets remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a trimodular and acid/enzyme-gated nanoplatform (TAEN) that undergoes disassembly within acidic endosomes and then is cleaved by lysosomal cathepsin B to facilitate efficient and targeted transport of released cargoes into mitochondria compartments.

Predicting executive functioning from walking features in Parkinson's disease using machine learning.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor and cognitive deficits. While previous work suggests a relationship between both, direct empirical evidence is scarce or inconclusive. Therefore, we examined the relationship between walking features and executive functioning in patients with Parkinson's disease using state-of-the-art machine learning approaches.

Melatonin treatment increases skin microbiota-derived propionic acid to alleviate atopic dermatitis.

Background: Melatonin has been reported to relieve the inflammatory symptoms and improve sleep disturbance in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Recent studies showed that melatonin produced beneficial effects by remodeling intestinal microbiota composition; however, whether the beneficial effects of melatonin in AD were mediated by the modulation of skin microbiota remains unclear.

Objective: We sought to investigate the mechanism by which melatonin treatment-induced changes in the skin microbiota composition further alleviated AD.

Neurobiological correlates of reactive aggression in young adults with internet gaming disorder.

Background: Previous research has found a significant positive correlation between internet gaming disorder (IGD) and reactive aggression (RA), with excessive use of online games increasing aggression in subjects. However, the neural mechanisms underlying increased RA in IGD are unclear. This study explores the neurobiological underpinnings of reactive aggression in young adults with IGD.

Seasonal succession, host associations, and biochemical roles of aquatic viruses in a eutrophic lake plagued by cyanobacterial blooms.

Viruses are implicated to play key roles as biogeochemical mediators and ecological drivers in freshwater ecosystems. However, the dynamics of viruses and host associations throughout the seasons and during blooming periods in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems remain poorly understood. From the water microbiomes of planktonic biomass from Lake Taihu, a large eutrophic freshwater lake in China that experiences annual Microcystis-dominated harmful algal blooms (HABs), we recovered 41,997 unique viral clusters spanning a wide taxonomic range, including 15,139 Caudovirales clusters targeting bacteria and 1,044 NCLDV clusters targeting eukaryotes.

Comparative organic pollutants removal efficiency and life cycle assessment of pyrolysis and solvent elution for industrial waste salt recycling.

Managing industrial waste salt plays a vital role in environmental protection and resource utilization, with a focus on effective removal of organic pollutants and comprehensive life cycle assessment. This study focuses on waste salt produced by the pharmaceutical, pesticide, fluorochemical, and dyeing industries, assessing the efficiency of pyrolysis and solvent elution techniques in removing organic pollutants. Additionally, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to assess the environmental impacts associated with the two technologies.

Behavioral interventions for tobacco use in HIV-infected smokers: systematic review and pairwise, network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Smoking among persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) is estimated to be 2-3 times greater than that in the general population. Data suggest that cigarette smoking is more common among PLWH because of several factors, including lower socioeconomic status, previous, or concurrent illicit drug and alcohol use, younger age, lower education level, and concomitant depressive symptoms. Cigarette smoking among PLWH has been associated with a higher risk of certain cancers and infections as well as lowered response to antiretroviral therapy.

Identification and functional analysis of two genes in maize and their transcriptional response to abiotic stresses.

Introduction: Melatonin, a tryptophan-derived indoleamine metabolite with important roles in plant growth and defense, has recently been regarded as a new plant hormone. Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. Although the melatonin receptor gene, , has already been identified, the genetic basis of melatonin biosynthesis in maize has still not been elucidated.

Unusual Geometric and Electronic Structures at Domain Boundaries in a Heterochiral Charge Density Wave Superlattice.

Domain boundaries (DBs) in charge density wave (CDW) systems not only are important for understanding the mechanism of how CDW interplays with other quantum phases but also have potential for future CDW-based nanodevices. However, current research on DBs in CDW materials has been mainly limited to those between homochiral CDW domains, whereas DBs between heterochiral CDW domains, especially in the atomic layers, remain largely unexplored. Here, we have studied the geometric and electronic states of heterochiral DBs in single-layer and bilayer 1T-NbSe using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Quinone Derivatives as Potent STAT3 Inhibitors for Psoriasis Treatment.

Psoriasis, which severely affects the sufferer's life quality, is a chronic skin disease still lacking satisfactory medication. Recently, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was revealed playing an important role in the progression of psoriasis. In this paper, a total of 59 quinone derivatives with various scaffolds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antipsoriatic potential as STAT3 inhibitors.