Distinct clinical features of urothelial carcinoma with low-expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status.

Background: Some urothelial carcinoma patients are ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy, necessitating exploration of other effective therapeutic strategies. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression, gene amplification or mutations exist in urothelial carcinoma. Our study is to investigate the correlation of three-tier assessment of HER2 expression with clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of urothelial carcinoma.

The mechanism of sevoflurane affecting ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating RNA methylase TRDMT1 to activate the β-catenin pathway.

Objective: Sevoflurane (Sevo), a commonly used inhalant anesthetic clinically, is associated with a worsened cancer prognosis, and we investigated its effect on RNA methylase tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (TRDMT1) expression and ovarian cancer (OC) cell malignant phenotypes.

Methods: Human OC cells (OVCAR3/SKOV3) were pretreated with 3.6% Sevo and cultured under normal conditions for 48 h, with their viability assessed.

Effects of multilevel postpartum family planning intervention on the reduction of unintended pregnancy and induced abortion rates within 12 months of delivery: A cluster randomized controlled study in China.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a multilevel promoting postpartum family planning (PPFP) intervention on the reduction of unintended pregnancies and induced abortions in China.

Study Design: We performed a cluster randomized intervention study to assess the effects of a multilevel PPFP intervention on the rates of unintended pregnancy and induced abortion within 12 months postpartum. Thirty-six hospitals were included and randomly allocated to two groups at a 1:1 ratio, enrolling 180 pregnant women per hospital starting in January 2019.

Cell-autonomous targeting of arabinogalactan by host immune factors inhibits mycobacterial growth.

Deeper understanding of the crosstalk between host cells and (Mtb) provides crucial guidelines for the rational design of novel intervention strategies against tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacteria possess a unique complex cell wall with arabinogalactan (AG) as a critical component. AG has been identified as a virulence factor of Mtb which is recognized by host galectin-9.

Degarelix limits the survival of mycobacteria and granuloma formation.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, is a serious health hazard, characterized by tuberculous granuloma formation, which may facilitate bacterial survival. At the same time, the identification of multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant Mtb strains, and the progressive accumulation of mutations in biological targets of frontline antimicrobials, has made TB treatments more difficult. Therefore, new and rapid drug development for TB is warranted.

Degradation Type-Aware Image Restoration for Effective Object Detection in Adverse Weather.

Despite significant advancements in CNN-based object detection technology, adverse weather conditions can disrupt imaging sensors' ability to capture clear images, thereby adversely impacting detection accuracy. Mainstream algorithms for adverse weather object detection enhance detection performance through image restoration methods. Nevertheless, the majority of these approaches are designed for a specific degradation scenario, making it difficult to adapt to diverse weather conditions.

Repeated release of cerium oxide nanoparticles altered algal responses: Growth, photosynthesis, and photosynthetic gene expression.

The expanding production of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can eventually cause their increased release into and presence in aquatic ecosystems, potentially threatening the health of aquatic organisms and the stability of the ecological environment. Generally, ENMs are repeatedly released into real-world aquatic environments in relatively low concentrations, potentially affecting photosynthesis in primary producers such as algae. However, knowledge regarding the effects of repeated exposure to ENMs on algal photosynthesis is still lacking.

Ultrasonographic features and diagnostic accuracy of FNA and CNB in secondary thyroid malignancies: A retrospective study.

Objective: This study aims to examine the ultrasonographic features of secondary thyroid malignancies and compare the diagnostic efficacy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in this condition.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 29 patients with secondary thyroid malignancies treated at our center between July 2011 and October 2022. Ultrasound images and clinical data were analyzed, and the lesions were classified according to the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS).

DHA dietary intervention caused different hippocampal lipid and protein profile in ApoE-/- and C57BL/6J mice.

Background: Changes in protein and lipid levels may occur in the Alzheimer's disease brain, and DHA can have beneficial effects on it. To investigate the impact of DHA dietary intervention on brain protein and lipid profile in ApoE-/- mice and C57 mice.

Method: Three-month-old ApoE-/- mice and C57 mice were randomly divided into two groups respectively, and fed with control diet and DHA-fortified diet for five months.

The first structure of human Golm1 coiled coil domain reveals an unexpected tetramer and highlights its structural diversity.

Golgi membrane protein 1 (Golm1), a transmembrane protein with diverse subcellular localizations, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its strong association with the development and progression of liver diseases and numerous cancers. Interestingly, although Golm1 is a membrane protein, the C-terminal of Golm1, which contains a coiled coil domain and a flexible acid region, can also be detected in the plasma of patients with various liver diseases. Notably, the coiled coil domain of serum Golm1 is postulated to play a pivotal role in physiological and pathological functions.

Diffusion-based culture and real-time impedance monitoring of tumor spheroids in hydrogel microwells of a suspended membrane under microfluidic conditions.

Tumor spheroids are widely studied for in vitro modeling of tumor growth and responses to anticancer drugs. However, current methods are mostly limited to static and perfusion-based cultures, which can be improved by more accurately mimicking pathological conditions. Here, we developed a diffusion-based dynamic culture system for tumor spheroids studies using a thin membrane of hydrogel microwells and a microfluidic device.

Integrated multilevel investigation of photosynthesis revealed the algal response distinction to differentially charged nanoplastics.

Nanoplastics (NPs), especially those with different charges, as one of emerging contaminants pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems. Although differentially charged NPs could induce distinct biological effects, mechanistic understanding of the critical physiological processes of aquatic organisms from an integrated multilevel perspective on aquatic organisms is still uncertain. Herein, multi-effects of differentially charged nanosized polystyrene (nPS) including neutral nPS, nPS-COOH, and nPS-NH on the photosynthesis-related physiological processes of algae were explored at the population, individual, subcellular, protein, and transcriptional levels.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces D-serine under hypoxia to limit CD8 T cell-dependent immunity in mice.

Adaptation to hypoxia is a major challenge for the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in vivo. Interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD8 T cells contribute to control of Mtb infection, in part by promoting antimicrobial activities of macrophages. Whether Mtb counters these responses, particularly during hypoxic conditions, remains unknown.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis suppresses host antimicrobial peptides by dehydrogenating L-alanine.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ancient scavengers of bacteria, are very poorly induced in macrophages infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that L-alanine interacts with PRSS1 and unfreezes the inhibitory effect of PRSS1 on the activation of NF-κB pathway to induce the expression of AMPs, but mycobacterial alanine dehydrogenase (Ald) Rv2780 hydrolyzes L-alanine and reduces the level of L-alanine in macrophages, thereby suppressing the expression of AMPs to facilitate survival of mycobacteria.

Photostabilities and anti-tumor effects of curcumin and curcumin-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles.

Currently, the photostability of photosensitizer curcumin is the main bottleneck limiting their application, reducing the bioavailability of curcumin. Studying the effect of different light sources on the photostabilities of curcumin and loading it onto polydopamine nanocarriers with better biocompatibility will help improve its light utilization efficiency. In this study, we investigated the photostabilities of curcumin and a polydopamine-based nanoparticle (polydopamine-curcumin composite nanoparticles, PDA-Cur NPs) loaded with curcumin through and experiments to achieve better antitumor effects.

Rocking- and diffusion-based culture of tumor spheroids-on-a-chip.

Tumor spheroids are now intensively investigated toward preclinical and clinical applications, necessitating the establishment of accessible and cost-effective methods for routine operations. Without losing the advantage of organ-chip technologies, we developed a rocking system for facile formation and culture of tumor spheroids in hydrogel microwells of a suspended membrane under microfluidic conditions. While the rocking is controlled with a step motor, the microfluidic device is made of two plastic plates, allowing plugging directly syringe tubes with Luer connectors.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits METTL14-mediated mA methylation of Nox2 mRNA and suppresses anti-TB immunity.

Internal N-methyladenosine (mA) modifications are among the most abundant modifications of messenger RNA, playing a critical role in diverse biological and pathological processes. However, the functional role and regulatory mechanism of mA modifications in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains unknown. Here, we report that methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14)-dependent mA methylation of NAPDH oxidase 2 (Nox2) mRNA was crucial for the host immune defense against M.

Microbial-driven mechanisms for the effects of heavy metals on soil organic carbon storage: A global analysis.

Heavy metal (HM) enrichment is closely related to soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in terrestrial ecosystems, which are deeply intertwined with soil microbial processes. However, the influence of HMs on SOC remains contentious in terms of magnitude and direction. A global analysis of 155 publications was conducted to integrate the synergistic responses of SOC and microorganisms to HM enrichment.

A novel transcriptomic signature associated with lymphovascular invasion predicts clinical outcomes, tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic response in lung adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Since TNM staging has limitations for predicting post-operative outcomes and relapse, more effective prediction tools need to be researched and developed. Lymphovascular invasion, LVI, as a histopathological feature, has been widely shown to have a correlation with poor prognosis and early recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, LVI assessment is limited by subjective bias, and therefore its efficacy in practical clinical application needs further clarification.

Bacterial community regulation of soil organic matter molecular structure in heavy metal-rich mangrove sediments.

Heavy metals (HMs) profoundly impact soil carbon storage potential primarily through soil carbon structure. The association between HM content and soil carbon structure in mangrove sediments remains unclear, likely due to the involvement of microorganisms. In this study, surface sediments in the Futian National Mangrove Nature Reserve were sampled to investigate the chemical structure of soil organic carbon (SOC), the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and potential interactions with microorganisms.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis suppresses host DNA repair to boost its intracellular survival.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) triggers distinct changes in macrophages, resulting in the formation of lipid droplets that serve as a nutrient source. We discover that Mtb promotes lipid droplets by inhibiting DNA repair responses, resulting in the activation of the type-I IFN pathway and scavenger receptor-A1 (SR-A1)-mediated lipid droplet formation. Bacterial urease C (UreC, Rv1850) inhibits host DNA repair by interacting with RuvB-like protein 2 (RUVBL2) and impeding the formation of the RUVBL1-RUVBL2-RAD51 DNA repair complex.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis suppresses APLP2 expression to enhance its survival in macrophage.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the most successful pathogen responsible for approximately 1.6 million deaths in 2021, employs various strategies to evade host antibacterial defenses, including mechanisms to counteract nitric oxide (NO) and certain cytokines.