Temporal dynamics of neutrophil functions in multiple sclerosis.

Early neuroinflammatory injury plays a crucial role in initiating and progressing multiple sclerosis (MS). Neutrophils are forerunners to neural lesions in MS, yet the temporal alterations of their functions in MS remains unclear. This study demonstrated a positive correlation between circulatory neutrophil counts and disease activity and severity in treatment-naïve MS patients.

MicroRNA-124a promoted the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neurons through Notch signal pathway.

This study investigated the possible mechanisms of microRNA-124a on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and its underlying mechanism. β-Thiol ethanol induced Notch1 mRNA expression, microRNA-124a inhibitor reduced the effects of β-thiol ethanol on Notch1 mRNA expression in BMSCs. Baicalin induced Hes1 mRNA expression, and microRNA-124a inhibitor reduced the effects of baicalin on Hes1 mRNA expression in BMSCs.

Personalized selection of unequal sub-arc collimator angles in VMAT for multiple brain metastases.

Purpose: Investigating the effects of unequal sub-arc personalized collimator angle selection on the quality of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans for treating multiple brain metastases.

Methods: This study included 21 patients, each with 2-4 target volumes of multiple brain metastases. Two stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) approaches were utilized: sub-arc collimator VMAT (SAC-VMAT) and fixed collimator VMAT (FC-VMAT).

Astrocyte-derived clusterin disrupts glial physiology to obstruct remyelination in mouse models of demyelinating diseases.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating demyelinating disease characterized by remyelination failure attributed to inadequate oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiation and aberrant astrogliosis. A comprehensive cell atlas reanalysis of clinical specimens brings to light heightened clusterin (CLU) expression in a specific astrocyte subtype links to active lesions in MS patients. Our investigation reveals elevated astrocytic CLU levels in both active lesions of patient tissues and female murine MS models.

Optimization of sub-arc collimator angles in volumetric modulated arc therapy: a heatmap-based blocking index approach for multiple brain metastases.

To develop and assess an automated Sub-arc Collimator Angle Optimization (SACAO) algorithm and Cumulative Blocking Index Ratio (CBIR) metrics for single-isocenter coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to treat multiple brain metastases. This study included 31 patients with multiple brain metastases, each having 2 to 8 targets. Initially, for each control point, the MLC blocking index was calculated at different collimator angles, resulting in a two-dimensional heatmap.

Efgartigimod for generalized myasthenia gravis: A multicenter real-world cohort study in China.

Objective: Efgartigimod, a neonatal Fc receptor antagonist, facilitates antibody degradation including pathogenic IgGs. The ADAPT study demonstrated the tolerability and efficacy of efgartigimod in the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG). However, very limited evidence is available for the Chinese population, and it remains inconclusive about which kind of patients are selected to preferentially receive efgartigimod in real-world settings.

Prospective cohort study evaluating efficacy and safety of efgartigimod in Chinese generalized myasthenia gravis patients.

Background: Despite the efficacy of efgartigimod demonstrated in ADAPT phase 3 trial, data specifically derived from Chinese participants are not available. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of efgartigimod in Chinese patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG).

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted in 8 hospitals across China.

Guillain-Barre syndrome following scrub typhus: a case report and literature review.

Background: Scrub typhus is an acute infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune-mediated peripheral neuropathy with a frequent history of prodromal infections, but GBS associated with scrub typhus is very rare.

Case Presentation: We report a 51-year-old male patient who developed dysarthria and peripheral facial paralysis following the cure of scfrub typhus.

MicroRNA-124a regulates the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neurons.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of microRNA-124a on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and its underlying mechanism.

Methods: Flow cytometry was used for isolation and identification of BMSCs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect gene mRNA expression.

NBP Cytoprotective Effects Promoting Neuronal Differentiation in BMSCs by Inhibiting the p65/Hes1 Pathway.

Background: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has become an effective method for treating neurodegenerative diseases.

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of 3-N-butylphthalide (NBP) on the neuronal differentiation of BMSCs and its potential mechanism.

Methods: In this study, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to detect cell proliferation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was conducted to detect the apoptosis of BMSCs.

A Prospective Study of an Early Prediction Model of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Based on Artificial Intelligence.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in China, and the application value of PSQ questionnaire.

Method: Two hundred two children aged 3 to 14 years were enrolled in this study. Statistical methods were used to screen characteristic factors and explore the relationship between PSQ items and ADHD.

Management of long-term cryptococcal meningitis neoformans in a surviving patient: A case report.

Cryptococcal meningitis is a common fungal infection of the central nervous system with high mortality and disability rates. A prominent clinical manifestation is persistent and severe cranial hypertension, which is one of the most critical outcome determinants in patients with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Herein, we report and discuss a case of cryptococcal meningitis treated by an inadequate course of medical therapy and placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a patient who survived for more than 10 years.

The value of next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Streptococcus suis meningitis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the value of next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Streptococcus suis meningitis.

Methods: Patients with meningitis in the Department of Neurology of the Hainan General Hospital were recruited and divided into a next-generation sequencing group and a control group. In the next-generation sequencing group, we used the next-generation sequencing method to detect the specific pathogenic bacteria in the patients.

Leptin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Background: Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a key factor for the prognosis of ischemic stroke (IS), the leading disease in terms of global disability and fatality rates. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) may be a target against CIRI and that leptin, a peptide hormone, has neuroprotective activity to mitigate CIRI.

Methods: An in vitro CIRI model was induced in primary cortical neurons by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) after pretreatment with LY294002 (10 µmol/L) and/or leptin (0.

Risk analysis of grade ≥ 2 radiation pneumonitis based on radiotherapy timeline in stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy: a retrospective study.

Background: Radiotherapy is an important treatment for patients with stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and due to its high incidence of radiation pneumonitis, it is essential to identify high-risk people as early as possible. The present work investigates the value of the application of different phase data throughout the radiotherapy process in analyzing risk of grade ≥ 2 radiation pneumonitis in stage III/IV NSCLC. Furthermore, the phase data fusion was gradually performed with the radiotherapy timeline to develop a risk assessment model.

MicroRNA let-7f alleviates vascular endothelial cell dysfunction via targeting HMGA2 under oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation.

Stroke is a fatal disease with high disability and mortality and there is no credible treatment for stroke at present. Studies on stroke are extensively developed to explore the underlying mechanisms of ischemic and reperfusion injuries. Herein, we investigated the functions of microRNA let-7f (also termed let-7f-5p) in vascular endothelial cell dysfunction.

miR-152-3p aggravates vascular endothelial cell dysfunction by targeting DEAD-box helicase 6 (DDX6) under hypoxia.

Stroke is a main cause of disability and death worldwide, and ischemic stroke accounts for most stroke cases. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been verified to play critical roles in the development of stroke. Herein, we explored effects of miR-152-3p on vascular endothelial cell functions under hypoxia.

Clinical study on the diagnosis of porcine streptococcal meningitis with negative blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture by next-generation sequencing.

Background: Streptococcus suis (Ss) is a Gram-positive and anaerobic zoonotic pathogen that is susceptible to all populations and can cause meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis and arthritis in humans.

Methods: In this study, patients with meningitis who were admitted to our hospital with negative blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture were divided into a next-generation sequencing group and a control group. In the next-generation sequencing group, we used the next-generation sequencing method to detect pathogenic bacteria in the patients' cerebrospinal fluid.

Tetramethylpyrazine Improves Cognitive Function of Alzheimer's Disease Mice by Regulating SSTR4 Ubiquitination.

Purpose: Many researches have investigated the functions of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to discuss the underlying mechanism of TMP in AD mice.

Methods: TMP (200 mg/kg) was administered to 6-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice, and behavioral changes and hippocampal nerve injury in AD mice were detected.

Human Urinary Kallidinogenase Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in BV-2 Cells.

Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders which poses significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress both play important roles in the pathogenesis of migraine. Human urinary kallidinogenase (UK) is a tissue kallikrein derived from human urine.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A case report.

Rationale: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) seldom affect intracranial pressure. Here, we describe a case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), which has never been previously published.

Patient Concerns: A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to sudden-onset postural headache, neck pain stiffness, visual blurring, nausea and vomiting.

Bilateral thalamic and mesencephalic infarctions with hypopituitarism as long-term complications postradiotherapy: A case report.

Background: Radiation is widely used as the first-line treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and improves survival. Nevertheless, radiation also places the patients at risk of radiation-induced adverse effects, such as transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, hypopituitarism, and cranial nerve and temporal lobe dysfunction.

Case Report: A 54-year-old woman who had undergone radiation treatment for NPC 14 years earlier and had no cerebrovascular risk factors, visited our department 4 days after sudden onset of consciousness disturbance.

Bufalin Inhibits Cellular Proliferation and Cancer Stem Cell-Like Phenotypes via Upregulation of MiR-203 in Glioma.

Background/aims: Prior studies have shown that bufalin inhibits cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis in various human cancers. MicroRNA-203 (miR-203) has been shown to function as an important regulator of tumor progression at various stages. In this study, we investigated the effect of miR-203 expression and bufalin treatment on glioma cell proliferation and stem cell-like phenotypes.

Altered resting-state functional activity in isolated pontine infarction patients with pathological laughing and crying.

We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the global spontaneous neural activity involved in pathological laughing and crying after stroke. Twelve pathological laughing and crying patients with isolated pontine infarction were included, along with 12 age- and gender-matched acute isolated pontine infarction patients without pathological laughing and crying, and 12 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We examined both the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and the regional homogeneity in order to comprehensively evaluate the intrinsic activity in patients with post-stroke pathological laughing and crying.

Up-regulated microRNA-299 corrected with poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme patients by targeting ELL2.

Background: An increasing understanding of the genes and molecular pathways of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) can provide us a useful insight for the development of more effective targeted therapeutic.

Methods: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-299 and its target genes in GBM, the expression levels of miR-299 and its target gene in human normal brain tissues and GBM were analyzed in silico using genes microarray and hierarchical clustering analysis followed by validation with quantitative RT-PCR.

Results: Our results show that miR-299 is up-regulated in GBM patients.