Early differential diagnosis models of Talaromycosis and Tuberculosis in HIV-negative hosts using clinical data and machine learning.

Background: Talaromyces marneffei is an emerging pathogen, and the number of infections in HIV-negative individuals is increasing. In HIV-negative individuals, talaromycosis is usually misdiagnosed as another disease, especially tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: We retrospectively extracted the clinical data of HIV-negative patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection from 2018 to 2023, analyzed the differences between TB patients and talaromycosis patients and attempted to establish differential diagnosis models utilizing clinical prediction models for these two diseases.

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two soil species of Holostichides (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) collected from eastern China, including a new species and a new subspecies.

Newly discovered hypotrich ciliates with evolutionary innovations are challenging to the established systematics and greater interest. Based on living morphology, infraciliature, and SSU rDNA, two bakuellid taxa-including a new species and a new subspecies-collected from subtropical soil environments in eastern China were investigated in the present study. Holostichides (Extraholostichides) eastensis ningboensis n.

An interpretable machine learning model based on computed tomography radiomics for predicting programmed death ligand 1 expression status in gastric cancer.

Background: Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression status, closely related to immunotherapy outcomes, is a reliable biomarker for screening patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. Here, we developed and validated an interpretable machine learning (ML) model based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) radiomics for preoperatively predicting PD-L1 expression status in patients with gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: We retrospectively recruited 285 GC patients who underwent CECT and PD-L1 detection from two medical centers.

Bioinformatics analysis reveals novel tumor antigens and immune subtypes of skin cutaneous melanoma contributing to mRNA vaccine development.

Introduction: Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a common malignant skin cancer with high mortality and recurrence rates. Although the mRNA vaccine is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, its application against SKCM remains confusing. In this study, we employed computational bioinformatics analysis to explore SKCM-associated antigens for an mRNA vaccine and suitable populations for vaccination.

Additive association of blood group A allele with 15 cardiometabolic diseases: a UK Biobank life-course study.

Background: Although existing studies have reported associations between blood group A and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), most have focused on dominant inheritance models. However, genome-wide association studies have mostly been based on additive genotypes. This study aims to investigate the association between the blood group A allele and 15 CMD using recessive, dominant, and additive models and identify potential mediators.

Cellular polarity pilots breast cancer progression and immunosuppression.

Disrupted cellular polarity (DCP) is a hallmark of solid cancer, the malignant disease of epithelial tissues, which occupies ~90% of all human cancers. DCP has been identified to affect not only the cancer cell's aggressive behavior but also the migration and infiltration of immune cells, although the precise mechanism of DCP-affected tumor-immune cell interaction remains unclear. This review discusses immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME) caused by DCP-driven tumor cell proliferation with DCP-impaired immune cell functions.

Associations between dietary B vitamin intakes and cognitive function among elderly individuals: An observational study.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary B vitamin intakes and the prevalence of cognitive impairment among elderly individuals in the United States.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis, based on data from 2716 participants aged 60 years or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014. Dietary intakes of six B vitamins (vitamins B1, B2, niacin, B6, total folate, and B12) were assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls.

Tertiary lymphoid structures and clinicopathological characteristics in pT1b Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The objective of the current study is to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in T1b ESCC.

Methods: A total of 291 T1b ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy and regional lymphadenectomy between 2008 and 2017 were included. Hematoxylin and eosin staining slides were used to evaluate TLSs and pathological features.

Exploring YAP1-related TIME in SCLC: implications for survival and treatment response to immuno-chemotherapy.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is usually diagnosed as an advanced stage with a poor outcome. SCLC has limited response to immunotherapy due to the absence or lack of immune cell infiltration, so studying its tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is essential. The study involved patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) diagnosed at the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute between January 2018 and April 2022 who had received the atezolizumab/carboplatin/etoposide (ECT) treatment.

Establishment and validation of a prognostic nomogram for overall survival in type II endometrial carcinoma patients.

This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with type II endometrial carcinoma (EC). Data from patients with confirmed type II EC enrolled between 2010 and 2018 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were randomly allocated to training and validation groups in a 7:3 ratio.

Ultralight multifunctional aerogels with in situ enhanced chitosan networks at micro-/macroscale for super-efficiency electromagnetic metastructure absorbers.

Concurrently achieving lightweight, multifunctionality, excellent environmental adaptability, and broadband microwave absorption represents the inevitable trend in the development of microwave absorbing materials. Herein, an ultralight, elastic, multifunctional chitosan-based aerogel enhanced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fibers (CF) at micro-/macroscale is reported, and its super-efficiency microwave absorption is realized by the electromagnetic metastructure absorbers (EMAs) design. The resulting CF-C/C aerogel demonstrates ultra-low shrinkage (6.

Enhancing beef tallow flavor through enzymatic hydrolysis: Unveiling key aroma precursors and volatile compounds using machine learning.

Lipids are critical precursors of aroma compounds in beef tallow. This study investigated how enzymatic hydrolysis treatment affected the aroma precursors and flavor of beef tallow during the manufacturing process. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-resolution gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, 100, 111, and 122 aroma compounds were identified in beef tallow at three processing stages namely, raw beef fat, enzymatic hydrolysates, and enzymatic beef tallow.

Evaluative Methodology for HRD Testing: Development of Standard Tools for Consistency Assessment.

Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) has emerged as a critical prognostic and predictive biomarker in oncology. However, current testing methods, especially those reliant on targeted panels, are plagued by inconsistent results from the same samples. This highlights the urgent need for standardized benchmarks to evaluate HRD assay performance.

3D Bioprinting of Double-Layer Conductive Skin for Wound Healing.

Conductive hydrogels are highly attractive in 3D bioprinting of tissue engineered scaffolds for skin injury repair. However, their application is limited by mismatched electrical signal conduction mode and poor printability. Herein, the 3D bioprinting-assisted fabrication of a double-layer ionic conductive skin scaffold using a newly designed ionic conductive biomimetic bioink (GHCM) is reported, which is composed of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) for the treatment of full-thickness skin defects.

Development and validation of the Chinese Rural Middle-aged and Elderly Health Literacy Scale.

Introduction: A notable deficiency lies in the absence of tailored instruments for comprehensively evaluating the health literacy of middle-aged and elderly residents in rural areas of China. Given the context of China's ageing demographic and the increasing urban-rural disparities, it becomes imperative to formulate a dedicated assessment tool for appraising the health literacy of rural middle-aged and elderly populations.

Methods: A systematic and rigorously structured development approach was used.

The clinical characteristics and implications of acute kidney injury during induction therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Background: Dual induction with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has made acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) a curable disease. However, differentiation syndrome (DS) can be a life-threatening complication of induction therapy. It is considered to result from a severe systemic inflammatory response mediated by increased expression of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules on differentiating blast cells.

Preparation of Polymerized High Internal Phase Emulsion Membranes with High Open-Cellular Extent and High Toughness via RAFT Polymerization.

Porous polymer membranes with highly interconnected open-cellular structure and high toughness are crucial for various application fields. Polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs), which usually exist as monoliths, possess the advantages of high porosity and good connectivity. However, it is difficult to prepare membranes due to brittleness and easy pulverization.

Live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) improves growth performance and liver metabolic status of lactating Hu sheep.

Yeast, a natural starter culture, is widely used to improve digestion function in ruminants. However, whether yeast affects the physiological state of the liver in ruminants is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yeast on liver metabolic status and physiological functions of Hu sheep during lactation.

Association between respiratory pathogens and severe clinical outcomes in people living with HIV-1 and pulmonary infections: A 180-day longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Many respiratory pathogens have been identified in people living with HIV-1 and pulmonary infection, but their impact on clinical outcomes remains largely unclear.

Methods: Metagenomic sequencing and traditional laboratory diagnostics were applied to identify bacterial, viral, and fungal respiratory pathogens. Clinical outcomes were assessed by (i) mortality or ICU transfer during hospitalization, and (ii) 30-day re-hospitalization and 180-day mortality after hospital discharge.

The moderating effect of working years on nurses' medical narrative ability and empathy ability: a cross-sectional survey study.

Objective: To explore the moderating effect of working years on nurses' medical narrative ability and empathy ability.

Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1920 clinical nurses from 12 general hospitals of different levels in 7 cities of Hunan Province. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, Narrative Competence Scale (NCS), and the Jefferson Empathy Health Professional Scale (JSE-HP).

MSRMMP: Multi-scale residual module and multi-layer pseudo-supervision for weakly supervised segmentation of histopathological images.

Accurate semantic segmentation of histopathological images plays a crucial role in accurate cancer diagnosis. While fully supervised learning models have shown outstanding performance in this field, the annotation cost is extremely high. Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WSSS) reduces annotation costs due to the use of image-level labels.

The impact of emotional abuse on Internet addiction in Chinese children: the sequential mediation roles of emotional dysregulation and regulatory emotional self-efficacy.

Background: In China, emotional abuse and Internet addiction are increasingly prevalent among children, with significant negative effects on their development. Previous research has identified childhood emotional abuse as a major risk factor for Internet addiction in both adolescents and adults. However, the immediate impact of emotional abuse on children's Internet addiction within Chinese culture remains unclear.

Osimertinib as Salvage Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Aumolertinib Resistance With T790M Mutation: A Case Report.

The third generation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is recommended universally as the standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carrying the T790M mutation. With the approval of multiple third-generation EGFR-TKIs, questions have arisen regarding the differences in their efficacy and how to select the most appropriate agent for individual patients. The study reports a case of an advanced NSCLC patient with multiple brain metastases.

Primary leiomyoma in the hepatorenal space: a case report.

Leiomyomas can occur in various organs and tissues throughout the body, but reports of their occurrence in the hepatorenal space are rare. The video presents a comprehensive breakdown of the diagnostic procedures and surgical resection procedures. Emphasizing the key strategies for easy misdiagnosis.

Stochastic generalization models learn to comprehensively detect volatile organic compounds associated with foodborne pathogens Raman spectroscopy.

Ensuring food safety requires continuous innovation, especially in the detection of foodborne pathogens and chemical contaminants. In this study, we present a system that combines Raman spectroscopy with machine learning (ML) algorithms for the precise detection and analysis of VOCs linked to foodborne pathogens in complex liquid mixtures. A remote fiber-optic Raman probe was developed to collect spectral data from 42 distinct VOC mixtures, representing contamination scenarios with dilution levels ranging from undiluted to highly diluted states.