Analysis of Newcastle disease virus prevalence in wild birds reveals interhost transmission of genotype VI strains.

Unlabelled: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect more than 200 species of birds, and most reports have focused on poultry. The pathogenic ecology of NDV in wild birds remains largely unknown. Thus, an investigation of NDV in domestic wild birds and pigeons was conducted.

Addressing Hospital Overwhelm During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Using a Primary Health Care-Based Integrated Health System: Modeling Study.

Background: After strict COVID-19-related restrictions were lifted, health systems globally were overwhelmed. Much has been discussed about how health systems could better prepare for future pandemics; however, primary health care (PHC) has been largely ignored.

Objective: We aimed to investigate what combined policies PHC could apply to strengthen the health care system via a bottom-up approach, so as to better respond to a public health emergency.

Analysis of Chicken IFITM3 Gene Expression and Its Effect on Avian Reovirus Replication.

Interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is an antiviral factor that plays an important role in the host innate immune response against viruses. Previous studies have shown that IFITM3 is upregulated in various tissues and organs after avian reovirus (ARV) infection, which suggests that IFITM3 may be involved in the antiviral response after ARV infection. In this study, the chicken IFITM3 gene was cloned and analyzed bioinformatically.

Development of a Double-Antibody Sandwich ELISA Based on a Monoclonal Antibody against the Viral NS1 Protein for the Detection of Chicken Parvovirus.

Chicken parvovirus (ChPV) infection can cause runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) in chickens. There is currently no commercially available vaccine for controlling ChPV, and ChPV infection in chickens is widespread globally. The rapid detection of ChPV is crucial for promptly capturing epidemiological data on ChPV.

The Underlying Structure of Preventive Behaviors and Related Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Network Analysis.

Background: Various strategies against COVID-19 have been adopted in different countries, with vaccination and mask-wearing being widely used as self-preventive interventions. However, the underlying structure of these behaviors and related factors remain unclear.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to explore the network structure of preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and their underlying factors, incorporating age and sex in the network.

Simultaneous Differential Detection of H5, H7, H9 and Nine NA Subtypes of Avian Influenza Viruses via a GeXP Assay.

H5, H7 and H9 are the most important subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), and nine neuraminidase (NA) subtypes (N1-N9) of AIVs have been identified in poultry. A method that can simultaneously detect H5, H7, H9 and the nine NA subtypes of AIVs would save time and effort. In this study, 13 pairs of primers, including 12 pairs of subtype-specific primers for detecting particular subtypes (H5, H7, H9 and N1-N9) and one pair of universal primers for detecting all subtypes of AIVs, were designed and screened.

Application of the Six-Minute Walk Test in Assessment of the Cardiopulmonary Function of Children With Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design: A retrospective observational study.

Objective: To assess whether the six-minute walk test (6MWT) can predict cardiopulmonary function in children with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) as an alternative to the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).

Summary Of Background Data: Cardiopulmonary functional impairment in the setting of IS is a common health problem.

Transcriptomic and Translatomic Analyses Reveal Insights into the Signaling Pathways of the Innate Immune Response in the Spleens of SPF Chickens Infected with Avian Reovirus.

Avian reovirus (ARV) infection is prevalent in farmed poultry and causes viral arthritis and severe immunosuppression. The spleen plays a very important part in protecting hosts against infectious pathogens. In this research, transcriptome and translatome sequencing technology were combined to investigate the mechanisms of transcriptional and translational regulation in the spleen after ARV infection.

Chicken IFI6 inhibits avian reovirus replication and affects related innate immune signaling pathways.

Interferon-alpha inducible protein 6 (IFI6) is an important interferon-stimulated gene. To date, research on IFI6 has mainly focused on human malignant tumors, virus-related diseases and autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have shown that IFI6 plays an important role in antiviral, antiapoptotic and tumor-promoting cellular functions, but few studies have focused on the structure or function of avian IFI6.

Physical Activity Mediates the Relationship Between Sarcopenia and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in Nursing Homes.

Purpose: Sarcopenia and physical activity are significant factors influencing cognitive function. However, few studies have examined their underlying mechanisms between the three conditions. The aim of the study is to examine the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive function in elderly nursing home residents.

Case-Control Trials on Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The single risk factors of pancreatic cancer (PC) has been extensively studied. We aimed to synthesize results from such studies to identify and estimate multiple independent risk factors of PC.

Methods: Articles published up to Feb 28, 2020 in English or Chinese reporting risk factors of PC were reviewed.

Molecular characterization of emerging chicken and turkey parvovirus variants and novel strains in Guangxi, China.

Avian parvoviruses cause several enteric poultry diseases that have been increasingly diagnosed in Guangxi, China, since 2014. In this study, the whole-genome sequences of 32 strains of chicken parvovirus (ChPV) and 3 strains of turkey parvovirus (TuPV) were obtained by traditional PCR techniques. Phylogenetic analyses of 3 genes and full genome sequences were carried out, and 35 of the Guangxi ChPV/TuPV field strains were genetically different from 17 classic ChPV/TuPV reference strains.

Pathogenicity and molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 with moderate virulence in Guangxi Province, China.

The GX2020-019 strain of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from the liver of chickens with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in Guangxi Province, China, and was purified by plaque assay three times. Pathogenicity studies showed that GX2020-019 can cause typical FAdV-4 pathology, such as hydropericardium syndrome and liver yellowing and swelling. Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens inoculated with the virus at doses of 10 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID), 10 TCID, 10 TCID, 10 TCID, and 10 TCID had mortality rates of 0, 20, 60, 100, and 100%, respectively, which were lower than those of chickens inoculated with other highly pathogenic Chinese isolates, indicating that GX2020-019 is a moderately virulent strain.

Heterogeneous effects of retirement on the biomedical risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: New evidence based on the physical examination database in Shanghai, China.

Retirement has a heterogeneous impact depending on gender and occupation. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the heterogeneity and potential mechanism of retirement on the biomedical risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Physical examination data from 2017 to 2020 were extracted from a hospital database in Shanghai.

A multiplex fluorescence-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for identifying chicken parvovirus, chicken infectious anaemia virus, and fowl aviadenovirus serotype 4.

Chicken parvovirus (ChPV), chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) are avian viruses that have emerged in recent years and have endangered the global poultry industry, causing great economic loss. In this study, a multiplex fluorescence-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mLAMP) assay for detecting ChPV, CIAV and FAdV-4 was developed to simultaneously diagnose single and mixed infections in chickens. Three primer sets and composite probes were designed according to the conserved regions of the NS gene of ChPV, VP1 gene of CIAV and hexon gene of FAdV-4.

An exploration on COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns from the perspective of the Chaxu culture in metropolis of China: A multi-center study.

Objectives: Chaxugeju is a very special Chinese culture following a self-centered and outward expanding social network, which might be a significant culture factor for vaccination behavior. This study aimed to identify the motivation pattern in China, and paid special focus on socio-economic status (SES), region, and migration.

Methods: We used a latent class analysis, with a sample of 12,432 participants collected in China from April to June, to identify the COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns.

Explore how immobilization strategies affected immunosensor performance by comparing four methods for antibody immobilization on electrode surfaces.

Among the common methods used for antibody immobilization on electrode surfaces, which is the best available option for immunosensor fabrication? To answer this question, we first used graphene-chitosan-Au/Pt nanoparticle (G-Chi-Au/PtNP) nanocomposites to modify a gold electrode (GE). Second, avian reovirus monoclonal antibody (ARV/MAb) was immobilized on the GE surface by using four common methods, which included glutaraldehyde (Glu), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS), direct incubation or cysteamine hydrochloride (CH). Third, the electrodes were incubated with bovine serum albumin, four different avian reovirus (ARV) immunosensors were obtained.

Regional disparity in epidemiological characteristics of adolescent scoliosis in China: Data from a screening program.

Objective: We investigated regional disparities in rates of scoliosis among adolescents in western and eastern China and the dominant factors underlying these disparities.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from a school scoliosis screening program conducted in two typical areas: Yangpu District of Shanghai (eastern China) and Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County of Gansu Province (western China), during October 2020 to February 2021. Participants included adolescents aged 12-16 years (4,240 in Shanghai and 2,510 in Gansu Province).

Concerns about and stimuli of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among diverse occupational groups in metropolitan areas of China: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to identify concerns and stimuli regarding COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and to compare the findings by occupation.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 between 1 April and 30 June 2021 in four metropolitan areas of China. A total of 20 863 participants completed questionnaires, 20 767 of which were eligible for analysis.

Optimizing national border reopening policies in the COVID-19 pandemic: A modeling study.

Objective: After emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent restrictions, countries worldwide have sought to reopen as quickly as possible. However, reopening involves the risk of epidemic rebound. In this study, we investigated the effective policy combination to ensure safe reopen.