ATP utilization efficiency plays a key role in determining rice quality under high-temperature conditions.

High-temperature stress significantly adversely affects both rice yield and quality by disrupting energy metabolism, specifically ATP levels and ATP utilization efficiency. However, the exact mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study investigated two rice cultivars with distinct heat tolerance: ZZY1, which produces a higher yield but lower quality, and ZZY8, which has a lower yield but higher quality.

Extreme Tolerance of Nanoparticle-Protein Corona to Ultra-High Abundance Proteins Enhances the Depth of Serum Proteomics.

The serum nanoparticle-protein corona (NPC) provides specific disease information, thus opening a new avenue for high-throughput in-depth proteomics to facilitate biomarker discovery. Yet, little is known about the interactions between NPs and proteins, and its role in enhanced depth of serum proteomics. Herein, a series of protein spike-in experiments are conducted to systematically investigate protein depletion and enrichment during NPC formation.

Fluid volume status detection model for patients with heart failure based on machine learning methods.

Backgroud: Fluid volume abnormalities are a major cause of exacerbations in heart failure patients. However, there is few efficient, rapid, or cost-effective clinical approach for determining volume status, resulting in inadequate or unsatisfactory treatment. The aim was to develop an early fluid volume detection model for heart failure patients utilizing a machine learning stratification.

Delivery of PARP inhibitors through 2HG-incorporated liposomes for synergistically targeting DNA repair in cancer.

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) benefit only a small subset of patients with DNA homologous recombination (HR) defects. In addition, long-term administration of a PARPi can lead to the development of drug resistance. 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) has long been known as an oncometabolite but is capable of inducing an HR defect, which makes tumor cells exquisitely sensitive to PARPi.

Bioenergy recovery and carbon emissions benefits of short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment on low organic sewage sludge anaerobic digestion: A pilot-scale study.

Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt, China, generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system, which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits in conventional anaerobic digestion (CAD). Therefore, this paper is on a pilot scale, a bio-thermophilic pretreatment anaerobic digestion (BTPAD) for low organic sludge (volatile solids (VS) of 4%) was operated with a long-term continuous flow of 200 days. The VS degradation rate and CH yield of BTPAD increased by 19.

OIP5-AS1 enhances the malignant characteristics and resistance to chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting miR-30d-5p/MARCH8.

MARCH8, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes such as protein degradation and signaling pathways and is implicated in the development and spread of pancreatic cancer. Analysis of pancreatic cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues showed a decrease in miRNA-30d-5p levels and an increase in OIP5-AS1 and MARCH8 levels, as confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated a binding relationship between OIP5-AS1 and miRNA-30d-5p, as well as between miRNA-30d-5p and MARCH8 in PACN-1 cells, derived from a human pancreatic carcinoma specimen.

The biological function of Serpinb9 and Serpinb9-based therapy.

Recent breakthroughs in discovering novel immune signaling pathways have revolutionized different disease treatments. SERPINB9 (Sb9), also known as Proteinase Inhibitor 9 (PI-9), is a well-known endogenous inhibitor of Granzyme B (GzmB). GzmB is a potent cytotoxic molecule secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, which plays a crucial role in inducing apoptosis in target cells during immune responses.

Knocking down of Xkr8 enhances chemotherapy efficacy through modulating tumor immune microenvironment.

Scramblase Xk-related protein 8 (Xkr8) regulates the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) during apoptosis and holds a pivotal role in fostering tumor immunosuppression. Targeting Xkr8 in conjunction with chemotherapy demonstrated a novel avenue for amplifying antitumor immune response and overcoming chemo-immune resistance. Here we further evaluated this strategy by using a clinically relevant orthotopic model and elucidated the mechanism through in-depth single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Systematic investigation of chemo-immunotherapy synergism to shift anti-PD-1 resistance in cancer.

Chemo-immunotherapy combinations have been regarded as one of the most practical ways to improve immunotherapy response in cancer patients. In this study, we integrate the transcriptomics data from anti-PD-1-treated tumors and compound-treated cancer cell lines to systematically screen for chemo-immunotherapy synergisms in silico. Through analyzing anti-PD-1 induced expression changes in patient tumors, we develop a shift ability score to measure if a chemotherapy or a small molecule inhibitor treatment can shift anti-PD-1 resistance in tumor cells.

Physiological Investigation and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanisms of 's Yield Formation under Heat Stress.

is an important crop in China that plays a vital role in the Chinese dietary structure. In the last several decades, high temperature has become the most severe climate issue in the world, which causes great harm to the yield and quality formation of millet. In this study, two main cultivated varieties (ZG2 and AI88) were used to explore the photosynthesis and yield index of the whole plant under heat stress.

Habitat-based radiomics analysis for evaluating immediate response in colorectal cancer lung metastases treated by radiofrequency ablation.

Purpose: To create radiomics signatures based on habitat to assess the instant response in lung metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods: Between August 2016 and June 2019, we retrospectively included 515 lung metastases in 233 CRC patients who received RFA (412 in the training group and 103 in the test group). Multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for developing the clinical model.

In Situ Formation of Fibronectin-Enriched Protein Corona on Epigenetic Nanocarrier for Enhanced Synthetic Lethal Therapy.

PARP inhibitors (PARPi)-based synthetic lethal therapy demonstrates limited efficacy for most cancer types that are homologous recombination (HR) proficient. To potentiate the PARPi application, a nanocarrier based on 5-azacytidine (AZA)-conjugated polymer (PAZA) for the codelivery of AZA and a PARP inhibitor, BMN673 (BMN) is developed. AZA conjugation significantly decreased the nanoparticle (NP) size and increased BMN loading.

Knocking down of Xkr8 enhances chemotherapy efficacy through modulating tumor immune microenvironment.

Scramblase Xkr8 regulates the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) during apoptosis and holds a pivotal role in fostering tumor immunosuppression. Targeting Xkr8 in conjunction with chemotherapy demonstrated a novel avenue for amplifying antitumor immune response and overcoming chemo-immune resistance. Here we further evaluated this strategy by using a clinically relevant orthotopic model and elucidated the mechanism through in-depth single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Overcoming pancreatic cancer immune resistance by codelivery of CCR2 antagonist using a STING-activating gemcitabine-based nanocarrier.

STING agonist has recently gained much attention for cancer treatment, but the therapeutic potential of STING agonist is hampered by STING-associated tumor immune resistance. In this work, guided by both bioinformatics and computer modeling, we rationally designed a "one stone hits two birds" nanoparticle-based strategy to simultaneously activate STING innate immune response while eliminating STING-associated immune resistance for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We discovered that the ultra-small sized micellar system based on gemcitabine-conjugated polymer (PGEM), which showed superior capacity of penetration in pancreatic tumor spheroid model and orthotopic tumor model, could serve as a novel "STING agonist".

Inhibition of iRhom1 by CD44-targeting nanocarrier for improved cancer immunochemotherapy.

The multifaceted chemo-immune resistance is the principal barrier to achieving cure in cancer patients. Identifying a target that is critically involved in chemo-immune-resistance represents an attractive strategy to improve cancer treatment. iRhom1 plays a role in cancer cell proliferation and its expression is negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration.

Systematic investigation of chemo-immunotherapy synergism to shift anti-PD-1 resistance in cancer.

Chemo-immunotherapy combinations have been regarded as one of the most practical ways to improve immunotherapy response in cancer patients. In this study, we integrated the transcriptomics data from immunotherapy-treated tumors and compound-treated cell lines to systematically identify chemo-immunotherapy synergisms and their underlying mechanisms. Through analyzing anti-PD-1 treatment induced expression changes in patient tumors, we developed a shift ability score that can measure whether a chemotherapy treatment shifts anti-PD-1 response.

In-situ sludge reduction based on Mn-catalytic ozonation conditioning: Feasibility study and microbial mechanisms.

To improve the sludge conditioning efficiency without increasing the ozone dose, an in-situ sludge reduction process based on Mn-catalytic ozonation conditioning was proposed. Using ozone conditioning alone as a control, a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor coupled with ozonated sludge recycle was evaluated for its operating performance at an ozone dose of 75 mg O/g VSS and 1.5 mmol/L Mn addition.

E3 Ubiquitin Ligase MARCH8 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Activating STAT3 via Degradation of PTPN4.

Objective: The role E3 ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated RING-CH 8 (MARCH8) has not been studied in pancreatic cancer.

Method: Pancreatic cancer cell lines and the normal pancreatic cells were tested in vitro studies and male athymic nude mice were tested in vivo studies. Measuring cell viability by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK8), 5-ethynyl-2'- deoxyuridine (Edu) staining, and colony formation assay.

Percutaneous computed tomography-guided core needle biopsy can be used to histologically confirm the clinical features and long-term prognosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Purpose: We investigated the clinical features and prognosis outcomes of pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) which were histologically confirmed after percutaneous computed tomography-guided core needle biopsy (PCT-CNB).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively investigated 173 patients who had PNENs which were histologically confirmed after PCT-CNB; patients were split into low and intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumor (LIGNET) (typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC)) and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma-tumor (HGNEC) groups. In this latter group, patients were further subdivided into large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma-not otherwise specified (HGNEC-NOS) groups.

Exploration of the impact of multimode thermal therapy versus radiofrequency ablation on CD8 T effector cells of liver malignancies based on single cell transcriptomics.

Introduction: Multimode thermal therapy (MTT) is an innovative interventional therapy developed for the treatment of liver malignancies. When compared to the conventional radiofrequency ablation (RFA), MTT typically offers improved prognosis for patients. However, the effect of MTT on the peripheral immune environment and the mechanisms underlying the enhanced prognosis have yet to be explored.

A CT-based radiomics approach to predict immediate response of radiofrequency ablation in colorectal cancer lung metastases.

Objectives: To objectively and accurately assess the immediate efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on colorectal cancer (CRC) lung metastases, the novel multimodal data fusion model based on radiomics features and clinical variables was developed.

Methods: This case-control single-center retrospective study included 479 lung metastases treated with RFA in 198 CRC patients. Clinical and radiological data before and intraoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were retrieved.

Improved antitumor activity against prostate cancer via synergistic targeting of Myc and GFAT-1.

Inhibition of Myc promotes the regression of many types of tumors, including prostate cancer. However, the success of anti-Myc therapy is hampered by the lack of a strategy to effectively deliver the inhibitors to the tumor site and by the feedback mechanisms that cancer cells use to adapt to metabolic reprogramming. The effects of Myc inhibitors (10074-G5 or 10058-F4), alone or in combination with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), were evaluated in cultured human or murine prostate cancer cells by cell viability assay, qRT-PCR and Western blot.