Enhancement of Proton Conductivity in Water and Aqua-Ammonia Vapor by Incorporating Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Polymer into MIL-101-SOH.

The design and preparation of super proton conducting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are of great significance for the advancement of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). An effective approach to increase the sulfonic acid density and control the hydrogen bonding networks within MOFs involves incorporating polymer chains that contain sulfonic acid groups into their pore structures. In this work, we report the synthesis of a polyvinyl sulfonic acid (PVS) cross-linked polymer within the nanopores of MIL-101-SOH, resulting in the PVS@MIL-101-SOH composite.

Andrographolide and its Derivatives in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Andrographolide represents an important category of natural phytochemicals that has significant therapeutic potential in various conditions such as acute lung injury, heart disease, and viral infections due to its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. This compound plays a protective role in human pathophysiology.

iMetAct: An integrated systematic inference of metabolic activity for dissecting tumor metabolic preference and tumor-immune microenvironment.

Metabolic enzymes play a central role in cancer metabolic reprogramming, and their dysregulation creates vulnerabilities that can be exploited for therapy. However, accurately measuring metabolic enzyme activity in a high-throughput manner remains challenging due to the complex, multi-layered regulatory mechanisms involved. Here, we present iMetAct, a framework that integrates metabolic-transcription networks with an information propagation strategy to infer enzyme activity from gene expression data.

Efficient and assured reinforcement learning-based building HVAC control with heterogeneous expert-guided training.

Building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for nearly half of building energy consumption and [Formula: see text] of total energy consumption in the US. Their operation is also crucial for ensuring the physical and mental health of building occupants. Compared with traditional model-based HVAC control methods, the recent model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based methods have shown good performance while do not require the development of detailed and costly physical models.

Janus hydrogel microrobots with bioactive ions for the regeneration of tendon-bone interface.

Regenerating natural gradients of the tendon‒bone interface (TBI) is a major challenge in the reconstruction of rotator cuff tear (RCT). In this study, magnetic Janus hydrogel microrobots to match the TBI orientation during RCT reconstruction surgery are developed via a biofriendly gas-shearing microfluidic platform. Through separate loading of Mg and Zn, the microrobots facilitate the immediate restoration and long-term maintenance of the natural mineral gradient in the TBI after implantation and alignment through magnetic manipulation.

Optimal Graph Learning-Based Label Propagation for Cross-Domain Image Classification.

Label propagation (LP) is a popular semi-supervised learning technique that propagates labels from a training dataset to a test one using a similarity graph, assuming that nearby samples should have similar labels. However, the recent cross-domain problem assumes that training (source domain) and test data sets (target domain) follow different distributions, which may unexpectedly degrade the performance of LP due to small similarity weights connecting the two domains. To address this problem, we propose optimal graph learning-based label propagation (OGL2P), which optimizes one cross-domain graph and two intra-domain graphs to connect the two domains and preserve domain-specific structures, respectively.

Deep Label Propagation with Nuclear Norm Maximization for Visual Domain Adaptation.

Domain adaptation aims to leverage abundant label information from a source domain to an unlabeled target domain with two different distributions. Existing methods usually rely on a classifier to generate high-quality pseudo-labels for the target domain, facilitating the learning of discriminative features. Label propagation (LP), as an effective classifier, propagates labels from the source domain to the target domain by designing a smooth function over a similarity graph, which represents structural relationships among data points in feature space.

Harnessing Multi-modal Large Language Models for Measuring and Interpreting Color Differences.

The accurate measurement of perceptual color differences (CDs) between two images plays an important role in modern smartphone photography. Although traditional CD metrics provide numerical scores to quantify color variations, they often lack the ability to offer intuitive insights or explanations that reflect the factors behind these differences in a way that aligns with human perception and reasoning. Here, we present CD-Reasoning, an innovative method designed not merely to compute numerical CD scores but also to provide a detailed rationale for the observed CDs between images.

Red-emitting fluorescent probe with excellent water solubility for the in situ monitoring of endogenous HS in wheat under salt and Al stress.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a pivotal signaling molecule in plants and appropriate levels are essential for normal growth. As such the real-time detection of HS in plants is required since it enables timely targeted interventions. However, most fluorescent probes for detecting HS reported to date exhibit fluorescence quenching in aqueous solution thereby significantly constraining their potential for in vivo applications.

Progress in Cu-Based Catalyst Design for Sustained Electrocatalytic CO to C Conversion.

The electrocatalytic conversion of CO into valuable multi-carbon (C) products using Cu-based catalysts has attracted significant attention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in Cu-based catalyst design to improve C selectivity and operational stability. It begins with an analysis of the fundamental reaction pathways for C formation, encompassing both established and emerging mechanisms, which offer critical insights for catalyst design.

Photothermal Cavitation-Driven Micromotor to Penetrate Cell Membrane.

Photothermally driven micro/nanomotors efficiently convert light into mechanical motion, making them highly attractive for biomedical applications due to their exceptional biocompatibility and safety. However, one mystery of the photothermally driven micro/nanomotor is the wide range of reported light intensities applied, ranging from 1 W cm to over 10 W cm. To address this mystery, we systematically investigated the propulsion of a carbon microbottle-based micromotor under three illumination conditions: continuous laser, pulsed laser, and scanning laser, where a new cavitation-driven mechanism is identified.

High Selectivity Hydroxylation and Other Functionalization of Quinoline-Directed Reactions under Cu(II)-Catalysis.

Despite progress in C-H functionalization of aromatic rings directed by guiding groups, achieving highly selective hydroxylation in simple systems without the need for additional ligand assistance remains a significant challenge. Here, we report the direct hydroxylation of the C-H bond of aromatic rings directed by quinoline under Cu(II) catalysis. Based on experimental analysis and DFT calculations, the main reason for the high selectivity of the quinoline-directed hydroxylation reaction is that the match between the new substrate and the method leads to an increased range of oxygen source incorporation.

Exploring Causal Network Complexity in Industrial Linkages: A Comparative Study.

Industrial linkages play a crucial role in sustaining industrial agglomerations, driving economic growth, and shaping the spatial architecture of economic systems. This study explores the complexity of causal networks within the industrial ecosystems of China and the United States, using high-frequency economic data to compare the interdependencies and causal structures across key sectors. By employing the partial cross mapping (PCM) technique, we capture the dynamic interactions and intricate linkages among industries, providing a detailed analysis of inter-industry causality.

[Experimental study on injection completion rate and performance for needle-free insulin injection].

As a relatively novel technique for drug delivery, the needle-free injection technique is characterized by transporting the drug liquid to the designated subcutaneous position through a high-speed micro-jet. Although this technique has been applied in many fields, the research on its drug dispersion mechanism and injection performance is insufficient. The presented study aims to identify critical parameters during the injection process and describe their influence on the injection effect.

Identifying haemochromatosis patients with C282Y homozygosity from inpatient electronic patient records in England using a novel algorithm: a retrospective observational study.

Introduction: Hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) is the most common genetic condition among populations of northern European ancestry, but it does not have a specific International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code. HH is commonly assigned the ICD-10 code E83.1 defined as 'disorders of iron metabolism'.

Base-Catalyzed Chalcogenative Annulation of -Maleimido -Aminobenzyl Alcohol with Elemental Sulfur/Selenium: Access to 1,4-Sulfa-/Selena-zepanes.

We reported an unprecedented chalcogen element (Se, S) insertion reaction with functionalized aminomaleimide to assemble medium-sized nitrogen-containing organic selenium/sulfur catalyzed by bases. During these [5/6 + 1] tandem annulations, a variety of low-valent inorganic chalcogenides exhibited excellent compatibility, providing a wide scope of structurally diverse 1,4-selenazepanes (17 examples, 60-71% yields), 1,4-benzothiazepines (20 examples, 74-86% yields), and 1,4-thiazines (6 examples, 31-68% yields). The characteristics of this transformation are high atomic economy, formation of two C-Se or C-S bonds in one step, and avoiding the use of unstable and toxic selenium/sulfur reagents under mild conditions.

L. ethyl acetate extract regulated angiogenesis in atherosclerosis by modulating the miR-126/VEGF signalling pathway.

Aims Of The Study: To investigate the regulatory mechanism of L. ethyl acetate extract (CSEAE) on angiogenesis in atherosclerosis (AS) based on the miR-126/VEGF signalling pathway.

Materials And Methods: Our study first screened for differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with AS using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and R language software.

Point-annotation supervision for robust 3D pulmonary infection segmentation by CT-based cascading deep learning.

Infected region segmentation is crucial for pulmonary infection diagnosis, severity assessment, and monitoring treatment progression. High-performance segmentation methods rely heavily on fully annotated, large-scale training datasets. However, manual labeling for pulmonary infections demands substantial investments of time and labor.

Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma gel alongside tacrolimus ointment in managing erosive oral lichen planus and its effect on oral immune microenvironment.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune disease that significantly impacting patients' life quality. To investigate the clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel coupled with tacrolimus ointment in managing erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP) and its effect on the oral immune environment, 80 EOLP patients were selected from 2021 to 2023 and randomised to two groups in our hospital. Both groups were given tacrolimus ointment, the study group added PRP gel.

Construction of an Artificially Intelligent Model for Accurate Detection of HCC by Integrating Clinical, Radiological, and Peripheral Immunological Features.

Background: Integrating comprehensive information on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential to improve its early detection. We aimed to develop a model with multi-modal features (MMF) using artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to enhance the performance of HCC detection.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1,092 participants were enrolled from 16 centers.

Enhanced spectral resolution in mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy via synchronous offset frequency tuning.

Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy offers significant advantages by combining the high sensitivity of mid-infrared spectroscopy with the high spectral resolution and rapid acquisition of the dual-comb method. However, its effective resolution, constrained by the inherent comb line spacing, hinders its ability to resolve narrow absorption features, common in critical applications such as sub-Doppler spectroscopy, low-pressure gas analysis, and construction of the atmospheric profile. To address this challenge, we present a synchronous offset frequency tuning method for the mid-infrared dual-comb system to improve effective resolution far beyond comb line spacing.

Gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells upregulate PD-1 expression on the CD8 T cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells (GC-MSCs) are a crucial component of the gastric cancer microenvironment, exerting a pivotal influence on the formation of a suppressive immune microenvironment and the progression of gastric cancer. In this study, we utilized GC-MSCs to co-culture peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from both gastric cancer patients and healthy individuals in a proportionate manner by direct cell-to-cell contact. Our findings reveal that co-culture of GC-MSCs with PBMCs led to a notable reduction in CD8 T cells percentages and an increase in surface PD-1 expression levels on CD8 T cells.

Ocean current modulation of the spatial distribution of microplastics in the surface sediments of the Beibu Gulf, China.

Microplastic pollution, a major global environmental issue, is gaining heightened attention worldwide. Marginal seas are particularly susceptible to microplastic contamination, yet data on microplastics in marine sediments remain scarce, especially in the Beibu Gulf. This study presents a large-scale investigation of microplastics in the surface sediments of the Beibu Gulf to deciphering their distribution, sources and risk to marginal seas ecosystems.

HDC1 Promotes Primary Root Elongation by Regulating Auxin and K Homeostasis in Response to Low-K Stress.

Plants frequently encounter relatively low and fluctuating potassium (K) concentrations in soil, with roots serving as primary responders to this stress. Histone modifications, such as de-/acetylation, can function as epigenetic markers of stress-inducible genes. However, the signaling network between histone modifications and low-K (LK) response pathways remains unclear.