Identification of RNA uridylation subtypes, and the prognostic and therapeutic value of RNA uridylation in systemic lupus erythematosus.

The uridylation of 3'-RNA-a major process in epitranscriptomics- is catalyzed by terminal uridylyl transferases (TUTases), which are involved in multiple diseases and the immune response. Nonetheless, the role of TUTases in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unknown. Here we identified increased level of MTPAP and ZCCHC6 and decreased level of PAPD5 and ZCCHC11 in SLE patients from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) GSE50772, GSE65391, and GSE121239.

Corrigendum: Identifying neutrophil-associated subtypes in ulcerative colitis and confirming neutrophils promote colitis-associated colorectal cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.

Overexpression of FNDC4 constrains ovarian cancer progression by promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. It has been reported that fibronection type III domain containing family plays an important role in the formation and development of a variety of tumors, but the role of FNDC4 is still unclear. In our study, we found that FNDC4 was highly expressed in normal liver tissues but abnormally expressed at low levels in liver cancer tissues.

Neutrophils exacerbate acetaminophen-induced liver injury by producing cytotoxic interferon-γ.

Background: Drug (e.g., acetaminophen, APAP)-associated hepatotoxicity is the major cause of acute liver failure.

Renal interferon-inducible protein 16 expression is associated with disease activity and prognosis in lupus nephritis.

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the current management of LN remains unsatisfactory due to sneaky symptoms during early stages and lack of reliable predictors of disease progression.

Methods: Bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms were initially used to explore the potential biomarkers for LN development.

The dysregulation of lncRNAs by epigenetic factors in human pathologies.

Dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contributes to numerous human diseases, including cancers and autoimmune diseases (ADs). Given the importance of lncRNAs in disease initiation and progression, a deeper understanding of their complex regulatory network is required to facilitate their use as therapeutic targets for ADs. In this review, we summarize how lncRNAs are dysregulated in pathological states by epigenetic factors, including RNA-binding proteins, chemical modifications (N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, 7-methylguanosine, adenosine-to-inosine editing, microRNA, alternative splicing, DNA methylation, and histone modification).

Oxidative stress as a culprit in diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and the prevalence of DKD has increased worldwide during recent years. DKD is associated with poor therapeutic outcomes in most patients, but there is limited understanding of its pathogenesis. This review suggests that oxidative stress interacts with many other factors in causing DKD.

Identifying neutrophil-associated subtypes in ulcerative colitis and confirming neutrophils promote colitis-associated colorectal cancer.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestinal mucosa, the incidence of which has increased worldwide. There is still a lack of clear understanding of the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis that ultimately leads to colitis-associated colorectal cancer.

Method: We download UC transcriptome data from the GEO database and pass the limma package in order to identify differentially expressed genes.

Myeloidderived suppressor cells: Escorts at the maternal-fetal interface.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a novel heterogenous group of immunosuppressive cells derived from myeloid progenitors. Their role is well known in tumors and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, the role and function of MDSCs during reproduction have attracted increasing attention.

BRD4-PRC2 represses transcription of T-helper 2-specific negative regulators during T-cell differentiation.

BRD4 is a well-recognized transcriptional activator, but how it regulates gene transcriptional repression in a cell type-specific manner has remained elusive. In this study, we report that BRD4 works with Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to repress transcriptional expression of the T-helper 2 (Th2)-negative regulators Foxp3 and E3-ubiqutin ligase Fbxw7 during lineage-specific differentiation of Th2 cells from mouse primary naïve CD4 T cells. Brd4 binds to the lysine-acetylated-EED subunit of the PRC2 complex via its second bromodomain (BD2) to facilitate histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at target gene loci and thereby transcriptional repression.

Shiny transcriptional junk: lncRNA-derived peptides in cancers and immune responses.

By interacting with DNA, RNA, and proteins, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been linked to several pathological states. LncRNA-derived peptides, as a novel modality of action of lncRNAs, have recently become a research hotspot. An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated the important role of these peptides in carcinogenesis and cancer progression and immune response.

as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in LUAD patients through bioinformatic analysis.

Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs), which are encoded by solute carrier 2A () genes, are responsible for mediating glucose absorption. In order to meet their higher energy demands, cancer cells are more likely than normal tissue cells to have elevated glucose transporters. Multiple pathogenic processes, such as cancer and immunological disorders, have been linked to GLUTs.

Regulation of DNA-PK activity promotes the progression of TNBC via enhancing the immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Background: DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is engaged in DNA damage repair and is significantly expressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Inhibiting DNA-PK to reduce DNA damage repair provides a possibility of tumor treatment. NU7441, a DNA-PK inhibitor, can regulate the function and differentiation of CD4 T cells and effectively enhance immunogenicity of monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Polyamines from myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote Th17 polarization and disease progression.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of immature myeloid cells that play an important role in diseases. MDSCs promote Th17 differentiation and aggravate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) progression by producing arginase-1 to metabolize arginine. However, the metabolic regulators remain unknown.

Structural insight into ASH1L PHD finger recognizing methylated histone H3K4 and promoting cell growth in prostate cancer.

ASH1L is a member of the Trithorax-group protein and acts as a histone methyltransferase for gene transcription activation. It is known that ASH1L modulates H3K4me3 and H3K36me2/3 at its gene targets, but its specific mechanism of histone recognition is insufficiently understood. In this study, we found that the ASH1L plant homeodomain (PHD) finger interacts with mono-, di-, and trimethylated states of H3K4 peptides with comparable affinities, indicating that ASH1L PHD non-selectively binds to all three methylation states of H3K4.

Long Noncoding RNAs as Orchestrators of CD4 T-Cell Fate.

CD4 T cells differentiate towards different subpopulations through the regulation of lineage-specific cytokines and transcription factors, which flexibly respond to various immune challenges. However, considerable work has demonstrated that the CD4 T-cell differentiation mechanism is complex and not limited to transcription factors and cytokines. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules with lengths exceeding 200 base pairs that regulate various biological processes and genes.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by reduced levels and defective suppressive function of regulatory B cells in peripheral blood.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a progressive, persistent immune response to cigarette smoke, and it has been suggested that immune dysregulation is involved in its pathogenesis. A subset of regulatory B cells (Bregs) with high levels of the surface markers CD24 and CD38 (CD24CD38) has previously been shown to exert an immunosuppressive function. This study investigated the levels and activity of CD24CD38 Bregs in stable COPD (sCOPD).

Supraphysiological estradiol promotes human T follicular helper cell differentiation and favours humoural immunity during in vitro fertilization.

During pregnancy, humoural immunity is essential for protection against many extracellular pathogens; however, autoimmune diseases may be induced or aggravated. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells contribute to humoural immunity. The aim of this study was to test whether Tfh cell function can be manipulated via hormones.

Profiling and Integrated Analysis of Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs in Plasma Exosomes as Novel Biomarkers for Advanced-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Exosomes contain abundant circRNAs and are determined to be involved in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Thus, our study aimed to explore new circRNAs in plasma exosomes that could be involved in such pathogenesis.

Patients And Methods: High-throughput sequencing was used in identifying the alterations in exosomal circRNA expression.

Prediction of Targets of Curculigoside A in Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification.

Purpose: Network pharmacology is considered to be the next-generation drug development model that uses bioinformatics to predict and identify multiple drug targets and interactions in diseases. Here, network pharmacology was used to investigate the mechanism by which Curculigoside A (CA) acts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporosis.

Methods: First, TCMSP and SwissADME were applied to predict the druggability of CA.

Methylprednisolone alleviates multiple sclerosis by expanding myeloid-derived suppressor cells via glucocorticoid receptor β and S100A8/9 up-regulation.

Methylprednisolone is an effective drug in the treatment of autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), due to long-acting anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and immunosuppressant. Previous studies have noted the importance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in MS progression. However, it is still not known whether methylprednisolone could influence the ratio and function of MDSC during MS treatment.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells shift Th17/Treg ratio and promote systemic lupus erythematosus progression through arginase-1/miR-322-5p/TGF-β pathway.

Immune cells play important roles in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We previously found that myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-derived arginase-1 (Arg-1) promoted Th17 cell differentiation in SLE. In the present study, we performed RNA-chip to identify the microRNA regulation network between MDSCs and Th17 cells.

Roles of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Regulatory Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are promising novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer.