Fermentation Parameters, Amino Acids Profile, Biogenic Amines Formation, and Bacterial Community of Ensiled Stylo Treated with Formic Acid or Sugar.

Substantial proteolysis occurs and free amino acids can be degraded to biogenic amines by decarboxylation during stylo () ensiling. High biogenic amine concentrations in silage are harmful to the health of ruminant animals. The purposes of this work were to (1) analyze the biogenic amines and amino acids concentrations, bacterial composition, and fermentation profile of spontaneously fermented stylo silage, (2) explore the effect of formic acid or sugar additive on these silage parameters, and (3) further reveal the correlations between silage amines and fermentation parameters, amino acids, and bacteria.

Roles of Cobalt-Coordinated Polymeric Perylene Diimide in Hematite Photoanodes for Improved Water Oxidation.

Interfacial charge recombination is a permanent issue that impedes the photon energy utilization in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, a conjugated polymer, urea linked perylene diimide polymer (PDI), is introduced to the designation of hematite-based composite photoanodes. On account of its unique molecule structure with abundant electronegative atoms, the O and N atoms with lone electron pairs can bond with Fe atoms at the surface of Zr doped α-Fe O (Zr:Fe O ) and thus establish charge transfer channels for expediting hole separation and migration.

Enhancement of charge separation and hole utilization in a NiPO-Nd-BiVO photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

It is necessary for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to reduce the electron-hole recombination rate and enhance the water oxidation reaction kinetics. Here, we prepared NiPO-Nd-BiVO composite photoanodes by coupling NiPO co-catalysts to neodymium (Nd)-doped BiVO surfaces through photo-assisted electrodeposition. The NiPO-Nd-BiVO photoanode exhibits a high photocurrent density of 3.

Expediting hole transfer surface states in hematite-based composite photoanodes.

Regarding the indirect hole transfer route in hematite-based photoelectrodes, the widely accepted viewpoint is that the FeO states act as a hole transfer medium, while other types of surface states act as recombination centers. Alternatively, it has rarely been reported that the recombining surface states may contribute to the charge transport in modified photoelectrodes. In this study, we employed CoCr layered double hydroxide (LDH)/FeO and CoCr LDH/Zr:FeO as research models to investigate the distinct charge transfer pathways in composite photoanodes.

Revealing the Essential Role of Iron Phosphide and its Surface-Evolved Species in the Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation by Gd-Doped Hematite Photoanode.

Phosphates are easily derived from transition metal phosphides under natural conditions, and the real roles of these two in catalytic reactions are not yet clear. Here, a multiphase FeP/Gd-Fe O shell-core structure photoanode was constructed and explored regarding the real role of FeP and its surface-reconstructed iron phosphate (Fe-Pi) in photoelectrochemical water oxidation. The FeP/Gd-Fe O photoanode exhibited an excellent photocurrent density of 2.

Dual-doping in the bulk and the surface to ameliorate the hematite anode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Aiming at the drawbacks of hematite like poor conductivity and tardy oxidation kinetics, herein, we utilized dual dopants in the bulk and surface to ameliorate the situation. Specifically, doping optimal amount of Zr in the hematite (Zr:FeO) enhances the conductivity of hematite due to the higher charge carrier density. Further, F:FeOOH could form p-n heterojunction in bulk where a potential barrier is built up that repels electrons but prompts holes transferring to F:FeOOH for water oxidation.

Surface Reconstruction of Cobalt Species on Amorphous Cobalt Silicate-Coated Fluorine-Doped Hematite for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation.

The slow kinetics of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation reaction is the bottleneck of PEC water splitting. Here, we report a comprehensive method to improve the PEC water oxidation performance of a hematite (α-FeO) photoanode, that is, fluorine doping and an ultrathin amorphous cobalt silicate (Co-Sil) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) cocatalyst by photo-assisted electrophoretic deposition (PEPD). Detailed investigations reveal that fluorine doping can reduce the interfacial transfer resistance of charge and increase the carrier density to improve the conductivity of hematite.

Bifunctional citrate-NiCo(OH) layer coated fluorine-doped hematite for simultaneous hole extraction and injection towards efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Surface modification by loading a water oxidation co-catalyst (WOC) is generally considered an efficient means to optimize the sluggish surface oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of a hematite photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. However, the surface WOC usually exerts little impact on the bulk charge separation of hematite. Herein, an ultrathin citrate-NiCo(OH) [Cit-NiCo(OH)] is conformally coated on the fluorine-doped hematite (F-FeO) photoanode for PEC water oxidation to simultaneously promote the internal hole extraction and surface hole injection of the target photoanode.