The incremental value of aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio combined with CURB-65 in predicting treatment outcomes in hospitalized adult community-acquired pneumonia patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The features of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) differ from those without. This study aims to spot a routinely tested parameter with discriminative, predictive and prognostic value to enhance CURB-65's prognostic accuracy in CAP patients with T2DM.

Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive CAP patients from 2020 to 2021, comparing laboratory parameters between patients with and without T2DM.

Hyper-reactive platelets and type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive process. With the course of the disease progress, microvascular and macrovascular complications always happen. Thrombotic events caused by macrovascular complications, including coronary heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, are the main fatal factor for the patients with type 2 diabetes.

Pioglitazone upregulates hepatic angiotensin converting enzyme 2 expression in rats with steatohepatitis.

Objective: Angiotensin II, one component of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is formed from Ang I by the catalysing of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance. ACE2, a homologue of ACE, couterregulate the actions of angiotensin II by facilitating its breakdown to angiotensin-(1-7).

Thiazolidinediones improve hepatic fibrosis in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling pathway.

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) markedly reduce hepatic steatosis in both rodents and humans. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of TZDs on hepatic fibrosis remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of TZDs on histological changes in the liver and on the modulation by adiponectin via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Probucol ameliorates the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats fed high-fat diets.

Aims: We sought to evaluate the effects of probucol on steatohepatitis and associated molecular mechanisms in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods: Forty male rats weighing 100-120 g were randomly assigned to the following treatments (n = 10 for each treatment): standard diet + normal saline (NC group), standard diet + 500 mg/kg/day probucol (NP group), HFD + normal saline (HD group), and HFD + 500 mg/kg/day probucol (HP group). All animals received the above treatments for 15 weeks.