Memory flow-controlled knowledge tracing with three stages.

Knowledge Tracing (KT), as a pivotal technology in intelligent education systems, analyzes students' learning data to infer their knowledge acquisition and predict their future performance. Recent advancements in KT recognize the importance of memory laws on knowledge acquisition but neglect modeling the inherent structure of memory, which leads to the inconsistency between explicit student learning and implicit memory transformation. Therefore, to enhance the consistency, we propose a novel memory flow-controlled knowledge tracing with three stages (MFCKT).

Omnidirectionally Stretchable Spin-Valve Sensor Array with Stable Giant Magnetoresistance Performance.

Flexible magnetic sensors, which have advantages such as deformability, vector field sensing, and noncontact detection, are an important branch of flexible electronics and have significant applications in fields such as magnetosensitive electronic skin. Human skin surfaces have complicated deformations, which pose a demand for magnetic sensors that can withstand omnidirectional strain while maintaining stable performance. However, existing flexible magnetic sensor arrays can only withstand stretching along specific directions and are prone to failure under complicated deformations.

Selectivity mechanism of inhibition towards Phosphodiesterase 1B and phosphodiesterase 10A in silico investigation.

Due to the unclear selectivity of the protein system, designing selective small molecule inhibitors has been a significant challenge. This issue is particularly prominent in the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) system. Phosphodiesterase 1B (PDE1B) and phosphodiesterase 10 A (PDE10A) are two closely related subtypes of PDE proteins that play diverse roles in the immune system and tumorigenesis, respectively.

Stable antivortices in multiferroic ε-FeO with the coalescence of misaligned grains.

Antivortices have potential applications in future nano-functional devices, yet the formation of isolated antivortices traditionally requires nanoscale dimensions and near-zero magnetocrystalline anisotropy, limiting their broader application. Here, we propose an approach to forming antivortices in multiferroic ε-FeO with the coalescence of misaligned grains. By leveraging misaligned crystal domains, the large magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy is counterbalanced, thereby stabilizing the ground state of the antivortex.

Design, synthesis and activity evaluation of reduction-responsive anticancer peptide temporin-1CEa drug conjugates.

Membranes that destroy anticancer peptides can bind to negatively charged cancer cell membranes through electrostatic interactions, destroying their functions and leading to cancer cell necrosis. Temporin-1CEa, obtained from the skin secretions of the Chinese frog Rana chensinensis, is an anticancer peptide with 17 amino acid residues that exhibits concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cell lines, although it has no obvious cytotoxicity to normal HUVECs. In this work, we designed and synthesized 12 derivative peptides through double-cysteine scanning of temporin-1CEa-truncated peptides.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of galantamine analogues for cognitive improvement in Alzheimer's disease.

Galantamine plays a crucial role in the management of brain disorders. In this study, a series of galantamine analogues were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compound C2, a dual inhibitor of cholinesterase, was obtained by introducing a benzylpyridine ring to the hydroxyl group of galantamine.

Giant Domain Wall Anomalous Hall Effect in a Layered Antiferromagnet EuAl_{2}Si_{2}.

Generally, the dissipationless Hall effect in solids requires time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB), where TRSB induced by external magnetic field results in the ordinary Hall effect, while TRSB caused by spontaneous magnetization gives rise to the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) which scales with the net magnetization. The AHE is therefore not expected in antiferromagnets with vanishing small magnetization. However, large AHE was recently observed in certain antiferromagnets with noncollinear spin structure and nonvanishing Berry curvature.

Nanoionics enabled atomic point contact construction and quantum conductance effects.

The miniaturization of electronic devices is important for the development of high-density and function-integrated information devices. Atomic-point-contact (APC) structures refer to narrow contact areas formed by one or more atoms between two conductive electrodes that produce quantum conductance effects when the electrons pass through the APC channel, providing a new development path for the miniaturization of information devices. Recently, nanoionics has enabled the electric field reconfiguration of APC structures in solid-state electrolytes, offering new approaches to controlling the quantum conductance states, which may lead to the development of emerging information technologies with low power consumption, high speed, and high density.

Flexible Sensors Based on Conductive Polymer Composites.

Elastic polymer-based conductive composites (EPCCs) are of great potential in the field of flexible sensors due to the advantages of designable functionality and thermal and chemical stability. As one of the popular choices for sensor electrodes and sensitive materials, considerable progress in EPCCs used in sensors has been made in recent years. In this review, we introduce the types and the conductive mechanisms of EPCCs.

Robust Ferrimagnetism and Ferroelectricity in 2D ɛ-FeO Semiconductor with Ultrahigh Ordering Temperature.

2D single-phase multiferroic materials with the coexistence of electric and spin polarization offer a tantalizing potential for high-density multilevel data storage. One of the current limitations for application is the scarcity of the materials, especially those combine ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity at high temperatures. Here, robust ferrimagnetism and ferroelectricity in 2D ɛ-FeO samples with both single-crystalline and polycrystalline form are demonstrated.

Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and computational study of benzo[d] isothiazol-based small molecule inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-l1 interaction.

Blockade of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is an attractive strategy for immunotherapy, but the clinical application of small molecule PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors remains unclear. In this work, based on BMS-202 and our previous work YLW-106, a series of compounds with benzo[d]isothiazol structure as scaffold were designed and synthesized. Their inhibitory activity against PD-1/PD-L1 interaction was evaluated by a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay.

Discovery of novel pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-3,11-dione (PBD) derivatives as selective HDAC6 inhibitors for the efficient treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in vitro and in vivo.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by a progressive fibrotic phenotype. Immunohistochemical studies on HDAC6 overexpression in IPF lung tissues confirmed that IPF is associated with aberrant HDAC6 activity. We herein developed a series of novel HDAC6 inhibitors that can be used as potential pharmacological tools for IPF treatment.

Strain Effect on Dielectricity of Elastic Thermoplastic Polyurethanes.

Dielectric elastomers, such as thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs), are widely used as the dielectric layer, encapsulation layer, and substrate of flexible and stretchable devices. To construct capacitors and actuators that work stably upon deformation, it has become urgent to investigate the evolution of dielectricity under stress and strain. However, the lack of effective methods for estimating the dielectric constant of elastomers under strain poses a big challenge.

Discovery of novel CDK9 inhibitor with tridentate ligand: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) plays a role in transcriptional regulation, which had become an attractive target for discovery of antitumor agent. In this work, beyond traditional CDK9 inhibitor with bidentate ligands in ATP binding domain, a series of novel CDK9 inhibitor with tridentate ligand were designed and synthesized. Surprisingly, this unique tridentate ligand structure endows better CDK9 inhibition selectivity compared to other CDK subtypes, and the lead candidate compound Z4-7a showed effective proliferation inhibition in HCT116 cells with acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.

Design and synthesis of hemicyanine-based NIRF probe for detecting Aβ aggregates in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has garnered increased attention due to its substantial economic burden and the escalating global aging phenomenon. Amyloid-β deposition is a key pathogenic marker observed in the brains of Alzheimer's sufferers. Based on real-time, safe, low-cost, and commonly used, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging technology have become an essential technique for the detection of AD in recent years.

Application of molecular dynamics-based pharmacophore and machine learning approaches to identify novel Mcl1 inhibitors through drug repurposing and mechanics research.

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl1), a critical protein that regulates apoptosis, has been considered as a promising target for antitumor drugs. The conventional pharmacophore screening approach has limitations in conformation sampling and data mining. Here, we offered an innovative solution to identify Mcl1 inhibitors with molecular dynamics-refined pharmacophore and machine learning methods.

Bioisosteric replacement strategy leads to novel DNA gyrase B inhibitors with improved potencies and properties.

The identification of novel 4-hydroxy-2-quinolone-3-carboxamide antibacterials with improved properties is of great value for the control of antibiotic resistance. In this study, a series of N-heteroaryl-substituted 4-hydroxy-2-quinolone-3-carboxamides were developed using the bioisosteric replacement strategy. As a result of our research, we discovered the two most potent GyrB inhibitors (WBX7 and WBX18), with IC values of 0.

Uncovering the selectivity mechanism of phosphodiesterase 7A/8A inhibitors through computational studies.

The expression of phosphodiesterase 7A (PDE7A) and phosphodiesterase 8A (PDE8) genes is integral to human signaling pathways, and the inhibition of PDE7A has been associated with the onset of various diseases, including effects on the immune system and nervous system. The development of PDE7 selective inhibitors can promote research on immune and nervous system diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune responses. PDE8A is expressed alongside PDE8B, and its inhibitory mechanism is still unclear.

Design, synthesis and activity evaluation of arctigenin derivatives with HDAC inhibition activity.

Arctigenin, a natural product with diverse pharmacological activities, can inhibit cell proliferation and survival and has shown promising potential in cancer research. In this study, we designed a series of arctigenin derivatives with HDAC inhibitory activity based on the synergistic effects between HDAC inhibitors and arctigenin. Among them, compound B7 exhibited significantly higher antiproliferative activity in the MV411 cell line compared to the positive control, tucidinostat.

Identification of a Novel Selective CDK9 Inhibitor for the Treatment of CRC: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity Evaluation.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a member of the transcription CDK subfamily. In this work, we preliminarily demonstrated the feasibility of CDK9 as a potent target of treatment for colorectal cancer, and a series of novel CDK9 inhibitors were rationally designed and synthesized based on the structure of AZD5438 (a pan CDKs inhibitor reported by AstraZeneca). A novel selective CDK9 inhibitor named CLZX-205, which possessed significant CDK9 inhibitory activity (IC = 2.

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Novel Echinatin Derivatives with a 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Moiety.

A series of novel echinatin derivatives with 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties were designed and synthesized. Most of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited moderate antiproliferative activity against the four cancer cell lines. Notably, Compound demonstrated the most potent activity, with IC values ranging from 1.

Discovery and Identification of Novel 5-Hydroxy-4-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one Derivatives as Potent β-Adrenoceptor Agonists through Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation.

Although β-agonists are crucial for treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, optimizing β-agonistic activity and selectivity remains essential for achieving favorable therapeutic outcomes. A structure-based molecular design workflow was employed to discover a novel class of β agonists featuring a 5-hydroxy-4-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one scaffold, which potently stimulated β adrenoceptors (β-ARs). Screening for the β-agonistic activity and selectivity led to the identification of compound (EC = 3.