Neuron-specific deficiency of autophagy increases neuronal loss in traumatic brain injury.

The involvement of neuronal autophagy in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains elusive. Previous investigations, as far as our knowledge extends, have modulated autophagy either through systemic administration of autophagy inhibitors/inducers or by eliminating key regulators of autophagy across all somatic cells, lacking specificity for neurons. Consequently, drawing conclusions from such studies may be muddled by inhibiting autophagy in other cell types, including astrocytes, microglia, and immune cells.

Clinical practice guidelines for prevention and treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal disorder with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (2023).

Postoperative gastrointestinal disorder (POGD) was a common complication after surgery under anesthesia. Strategies in combination with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine showed some distinct effects but standardized clinical practice guidelines were not available. Thus, a multidisciplinary expert team from various professional bodies including the Perioperative and Anesthesia Professional Committees of the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine (CAIM), jointly with Gansu Province Clinical Research Center of Integrative Anesthesiology/Anesthesia and Pain Medical Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation/Chinese Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Center/Gansu Provincial Center for Medical Guideline Industry Technology/Evidence-based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University, was established to develop evidence-based guidelines.

Hypothermic neuroprotection by targeted cold autologous blood transfusion in a non-human primate stroke model.

Over decades, nearly all attempts to translate the benefits of therapeutic hypothermia in stroke models of lower-order species to stroke patients have failed. Potentially overlooked reasons may be biological gaps between different species and the mismatched initiation of therapeutic hypothermia in translational studies. Here, we introduce a novel strategy of selective therapeutic hypothermia in a non-human primate ischemia-reperfusion model, in which autologous blood was cooled ex vivo and the cool blood transfusion was administered at the middle cerebral artery just after the onset of reperfusion.

Metabolomic analysis reveals potential biomarkers and serum metabolomic profiling in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients using UPLC/quadrupole time-of-flight MS.

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10-20% of all strokes and contributes to higher mortalities and severe disabilities. The aims of this study were, therefore, to characterize novel biomarkers, metabolic disruptions, and mechanisms involving ICH. A total 30 ICH patients and 30 controls were enrolled in the study, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed.

IRGM promotes the PINK1-mediated mitophagy through the degradation of Mitofilin in SH-SY5Y cells.

Mitochondria is a double membrane-bound cellular organelle that generates energy to maintain the homeostasis of cells. Immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM) in human locates at the inner membrane of mitochondria and is best known for its role in regulating autophagy against intracellular pathogens. Previous studies have shown that IRGM is crucial for the normal function of mitochondria, yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying IRGM-mediated quality control of mitochondria are still not fully understood.

Clinical characteristics and epilepsy outcomes following surgery caused by focal cortical dysplasia (type IIa) in 110 adult epileptic patients.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of surgical intervention of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) IIa on the outcome of epilepsy, and to evaluate the prognostic factors of seizure freedom. Patient data from epilepsy surgeries were retrospectively reviewed at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between 2007 and 2015. A total of 110 patients with a definite pathological diagnosis of FCD IIa were included.

Intravenous Administration of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Protein Extracts Improves Neurological Deficits in a Rat Model of Stroke.

Treatment of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) substantially improves the neurological deficits during stroke by reducing neuronal injury, limiting proinflammatory immune responses, and promoting neuronal repair, which makes ADSC-based therapy an attractive approach for treating stroke. However, the potential risk of tumorigenicity and low survival rate of the implanted cells limit the clinical use of ADSC. Cell-free extracts from ADSC (ADSC-E) may be a feasible approach that could overcome these limitations.

Expression of microRNA-129-2-3p and microRNA-935 in plasma and brain tissue of human refractory epilepsy.

Objective: Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed in specific diseases, suggesting possible use as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression levels of miR-129-2-3p and miR-935 in cortical brain tissue and plasma samples from controls and refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients to evaluate the utility of these measures as diagnostic biomarkers.

Methods: The study was divided into three phases.

Enhanced neuroprotection by local intra-arterial infusion of human albumin solution and local hypothermia.

Background And Purpose: We investigated the potential benefit of using a local infusion of low-dose and cold human albumin in ischemic rats as compared with systemic delivery.

Methods: Stroke was induced in rats, and at 2 hours treatment groups received 0°C saline or low-dose albumin at 0°C or 37°C infused into the ischemic area.

Results: The local low-dose cold albumin infusion, which achieved the hypothermic temperature (P<0.

Role of residual flow on the neuroprotective efficacy of human albumin in the rat with transient cerebral ischemia.

Objective: It is well known that residual cortical cerebral blood flow plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and can influence the outcome of recanalization therapy. This study examined the impact of residual cortical cerebral blood flow on the neuroprotective efficacy of human albumin in a rat transient cerebral ischemia model.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2 hour middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Focal perfusion of circulating cooled blood reduces the infarction volume and improves neurological outcome in middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Objective: The neuroprotective effect of hypothermia has been well established. The use of hypothermia for the treatment of stroke by systemic hypothermia is limited by the cooling rate and has severe complications. The goal of this study was to determine if local cerebral cooling via infusion could reduce infarction volume and improve the neurological outcome in a rat model of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion.

A novel approach to reduce hemorrhagic transformation after interventional management of acute stroke: catheter-based selective hypothermia.

Interventional management of acute stroke can significantly increase recanalization rate of the occluded artery, however, this improvement is achieved at the expense of an increased incidence in symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, which may markedly reduce the therapeutic benefit of this treatment. Hypothermia is one of the most promising neuroprotective approaches studied. It may also lower the risk of postischemic hemorrhage by reducing the activities of matrix metalloproteinases and blood-brain barrier disruption.