KLF5 Shapes Developing Respiratory Tubules by Inhibiting Actin Asymmetry in Epithelial Cells.

Tubulogenesis depends on precise cell shape changes driven by asymmetric tension from the actin cytoskeleton. How actin asymmetry is dynamically controlled to coordinate epithelial cell shape changes required for respiratory tubulogenesis remains unknown. Herein, we unveiled a critical role for the transcription factor KLF5, regulating actin asymmetry, inducing epithelial cell shape changes by balancing RHOA and CDC42 GTPase activity via RICH2.

Activated non-neuronal cholinergic system correlates with non-type 2 inflammation and exacerbations in severe asthma.

Background: Non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS) contributes to various inflammatory airway diseases. However, the role of NNCS in severe asthma (SA) remains largely unexplored.

Objective: To explore airway NNCS in SA.

Airway Stents from Now to the Future: A Narrative Review.

Airway stent insertion is important for patients with airway stenosis. Currently, the most widely used airway stents in clinical procedures are silicone and metallic stents, which offer patients effective treatment. However, these stents composed of permanent materials need to be removed, subjecting patients to invasive manipulation once more.

Clinical characteristics and predictors of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at different altitudes.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is closely associated with poor prognosis. However, studies on the predictors of PH in COPD patients are limited, especially in populations living at high altitude (HA).

Objectives: To investigate the differences in the clinical characteristics and predictors of patients with COPD/COPD and PH (COPD-PH) from low altitude (LA, 600 m) and HA (2200 m).

Transcriptomic profiles of age-related genes in female trachea and bronchus.

Studies demonstrated that age-related cellular and functional changes of airway significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of many airway diseases. However, our understanding on the age-related molecular alterations of human airway remains inadequate. Airway (trachea and bronchus) brushing specimens were collected from 14 healthy, female non-smokers with ages ranging from 20 to 60 years.

Monitoring small airway dysfunction in connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease: a retrospective and prospective study.

Background: Small airway dysfunction (SAD), a hallmark of early lung function abnormality, is a major component of several chronic respiratory disorders. The role of SAD in patients with connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) has not been explored.

Methods: We conducted a two-parts (retrospective and prospective) study to collect pulmonary function tests from CTD-ILD patients.

Reduced Skeletal Muscle Mass Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Asthma Control and Exacerbation.

Background: Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) has been suggested to be associated with multiple health-related outcomes. However, the potential influence of SMM on asthma has not been largely explored.

Objective: To study the association between SMM and clinical features of asthma, including asthma control and exacerbation, and to construct a model based on SMM to predict the risk of asthma exacerbation (AEx).

Efficacy and Safety of JAK Inhibitors for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: More and more trials have been conducted. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of different JAKinibs in RA. Methods: A systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with JAKinib treatment in RA published in the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to May 2021 was performed.

Association between Dietary Anthocyanidins and Risk of Lung Cancer.

Background: Anthocyanidins are a kind of water-soluble flavonoids widely found in flowers and fruits of many plants. Although the beneficial effect of anthocyanidins in cancer prevention has been discussed, the value of anthocyanidins in lung cancer prevention requires further investigation. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of dietary anthocyanidins in the prevention of lung cancer in population-based prospective studies.

Association Between Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet and Lung Cancer Risk in 98,159 Participants: Results From a Prospective Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) score and the risk of lung cancer in a large population.

Methods: Data of participants in this study were collected from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in the Cox proportional hazards regression model for the association of DRRD score and lung cancer incidence in all included participants.

Reticulation Is a Risk Factor of Progressive Subpleural Nonfibrotic Interstitial Lung Abnormalities.

Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are being increasingly identified in clinical practice. In particular, for subpleural nonfibrotic ILAs, the risk of progression over time and the risk factors for progressive behavior are still largely unknown. To determine the age band prevalence of ILAs and the risk of radiological progression of subpleural nonfibrotic ILAs over time in a large health checkup population and to identify how reticulation contributes to the risk of radiological progression.

Quantitative evaluation of disease severity in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease by dual-energy computed tomography.

Background: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is recommended diagnosing and monitoring connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). Quantitative computed tomography has the potential to precisely assess the radiological severity of CTD-ILD, but has still been under study.

Objective: To investigate whether dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), a novel quantitative technique, can be used for quantitative severity assessment in CTD-ILD.

PRMT7 targets of Foxm1 controls alveolar myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation during alveologenesis.

Although aberrant alveolar myofibroblasts (AMYFs) proliferation and differentiation are often associated with abnormal lung development and diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), epigenetic mechanisms regulating proliferation and differentiation of AMYFs remain poorly understood. Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) is the only reported type III enzyme responsible for monomethylation of arginine residue on both histone and nonhistone substrates. Here we provide evidence for PRMT7's function in regulating AMYFs proliferation and differentiation during lung alveologenesis.

Increased serum Th2 chemokine levels are associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory lung disease of premature infants, with serious short- and long-term consequences. Early identification of premature infants at risk of BPD is critical to preventing the pathogenesis of disease. Thus, in the present study, we recruited 126 premature infants, collected peripheral blood samples at different time points during early life, and measured the concentration of Th1 (MCP-1, IP-10, and MIG) and Th2 (eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, and MCP-4) chemokines in serum.

Histone arginine methylation by Prmt5 is required for lung branching morphogenesis through repression of BMP signaling.

Branching morphogenesis is essential for the successful development of a functional lung to accomplish its gas exchange function. Although many studies have highlighted requirements for the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway during branching morphogenesis, little is known about how BMP signaling is regulated. Here, we report that the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) and symmetric dimethylation at histone H4 arginine 3 (H4R3sme2) directly associate with chromatin of to suppress its transcription.

WITHDRAWN: KLF5 promoted symmetric cell division in KRT5 positive keratinocytes through suppression of Notch1 expression.

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.

Elevated Krüppel-like factor 5 expression in spatiotemporal mouse lungs is similar to human congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lungs.

Objective The study aimed to investigate the role of high Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) expression on the pathogenesis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lungs (CCAML) in mice. Methods A mouse model of high KLF5 expression in the lungs was established. KLF5 expression and the pulmonary lumen diameter were examined by immunohistochemistry to determine a successful model.

[Combined effect of gestational age and birth weight on metabolites related to inherited metabolic diseases in neonates].

Objective: To study the combined effect of gestational age and birth weight on metabolites related to inherited metabolic diseases (IMD).

Methods: A total of 3 381 samples ruled out of IMD by follow-up were randomly selected from 38 931 newborns who participated in the neonatal IMD screening during 2014-2016. The 3 381 neonates were categorized into seven groups according to their gestational age and birth weight: extremely preterm appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) group (n=12), preterm small-for-gestational age (SGA) group (n=18), preterm AGA group (n=219), preterm large-for-gestational age (LGA) group (n=18), full-term SGA group (n=206), full-term AGA group (n=2 677), and full-term LGA group (n=231).

Heparanase Is a Critical Regulator of Mitotic Spindles Required for Maintaining Chromosome Stability.

The mitotic spindle, assembled by microtubule organization center (MTOC), is a critical structure required for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. Studies demonstrated that defects of mitotic spindle assembling would result in chromosome instability, associating with oncogenesis. In this study, we identified that heparanase (HPSE) was localized on MTOC in mitotic cells.

Claudin18 associated with corticosteroid-induced expression of surfactant proteins in pulmonary epithelial cells.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that if Cldn18 is associated with lung maturation and play a key role in the corticosteroid-induced expression of surfactant proteins.

Methods: Mouse embryonic lung tissue at different developmental stages (E14.5, E16.

Genes involved in leukotriene synthesis pathway are dynamically regulated during lung development in Rhesus monkeys.

Background: Leukotrienes play critical roles in many inflammatory lung diseases and several antagonists of their receptors have been used in the clinical settings. However, the physiological functions of leukotrienes in lung development are still unclear.

Method: The expression levels of 34 genes involved in leukotriene synthesis and function pathway in the lungs of Rhesus monkey during different developmental time points were determined on a MiSeq platform and analyzed by the reads per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (RPKM) method.

[Identification of a novel GPR143 mutation in a Chinese family affected with X-linked ocular albinism].

Objective: To detect mutation of GPR143 gene in a Chinese patient affected with ocular albinism.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from the proband and his parents. The coding regions of the GPR143 gene were subjected to PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing.

Evaluation of a novel saliva-based epidermal growth factor receptor mutation detection for lung cancer: A pilot study.

Background: This article describes a pilot study evaluating a novel liquid biopsy system for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM) method utilizes an electrochemical biosensor for detecting oncogenic mutations in biofluids.

Methods: Saliva and plasma of 17 patients were collected from three cancer centers prior to and after surgical resection.