In Vivo Multithread Ultrasound Thermal Strain Imaging.

While thermal therapy is increasingly applied in clinics, real-time temperature monitoring in the target tissue can facilitate improvements in the planning, controlling, and evaluating of therapeutic procedures. Thermal strain imaging (TSI), based on tracking the echo shifts in ultrasound images, has great potential for temperature estimation as is demonstrated in vitro. However, due to physiological motion-induced artifacts and estimation errors, employing TSI for in vivo thermometry is still challenging.