Achieving Hepatitis C Micro-Elimination in Chinese Injecting Drug Users: A Dynamic Network Modeling Study.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has established objectives for eradicating the hepatitis C virus (HCV). People who inject drugs (PWID), a major driver of HCV transmission, are an essential part of China's hepatitis C elimination program. This study aimed to estimate the requisite screening and antiviral treatment levels to achieve these goals among people who inject drugs in China and identify the most cost-effective strategy.

Economic burden of hepatitis B patients and its influencing factors in China: a systematic review.

Background & Aim: Hepatitis B is globally recognized as a major public health problem that imposes a huge economic burden on society. China is a major country with hepatitis B infection; however, an updated overview of the economic burden of hepatitis B and related diseases in China has not been provided. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the economic burden and factors influencing hepatitis B and related diseases by synthesizing the available evidence, with the aim of informing clinical treatment and health decisions.

Key Issues of Economic Evaluations for Health Technology Assessment in China: A Nationwide Expert Survey.

Objectives: Health technology assessment (HTA) is increasingly crucial in medicine price negotiations in China, yet previous appraisals revealed national discrepancies on key economic evaluation issues: willingness-to-pay threshold, pricing models for multi-indication medicines, and comparator selection principles. This study aimed to collect expert opinions on these issues for future HTA evaluations.

Methods: A nationwide anonymous web-based survey encompassing experts across academia, HTA, consultancy/contract research organization/industry, service provider, and payer.

Temporal trends in population attributable fractions of modifiable risk factors for dementia: a time-series study of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2004-2019).

Background: Interest in modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for dementia is high, given the personal, social, and economic impact of the disorder, especially in ageing societies such as the United Kingdom. Exploring the population attributable fraction (PAF) of dementia attributable to MRFs and how this may have changed over time remains unclear. Unravelling the temporal dynamics of MRFs is crucial for informing the development of evidence-based and effective public health policies.

Dose-Dependent Association Between Body Mass Index and Mental Health and Changes Over Time.

Importance: Overweight and obesity affect 340 million adolescents worldwide and constitute a risk factor for poor mental health. Understanding the association between body mass index (BMI) and mental health in adolescents may help to address rising mental health issues; however, existing studies lack comprehensive evaluations spanning diverse countries and periods.

Objective: To estimate the association between BMI and mental health and examine changes over time from 2002 to 2018.

A systematic review of pharmacogenetic testing to guide antipsychotic treatment.

Pharmacogenomics could optimize antipsychotic treatment by preventing adverse drug reactions, improving treatment efficacy or relieving the cost burden on the healthcare system. Here we conducted a systematic review to investigate whether pharmacogenetic testing in individuals undergoing antipsychotic treatment influences clinical or economic outcomes. On 12 January 2024, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Centrale Register of Controlled Trials.

Evaluating remote delivery of cognitive remediation in people with psychosis.

Background: Cognitive Remediation (CR) is an evidence-based therapy targeting cognitive difficulties in people with psychosis to promote functional recovery, but it is rarely implemented routinely. To reach more individuals, CR is beginning to be delivered remotely, but there is limited evidence to support the acceptability of this method.

Aims: To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of remote therapist-supported CR in people with psychosis and estimate its cost and potential benefits.

Cost-effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination of children in China: a modeling analysis.

Background: China has a high burden of influenza-associated illness among children. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of introducing government-funded influenza vaccination to children in China (fully-funded policy) compared with the status quo (self-paid policy).

Methods: A decision tree model was developed to calculate the economic and health outcomes, from a societal perspective, using national- and provincial-level data.

A systematic review of whole disease models for informing healthcare resource allocation decisions.

Background: Whole disease models (WDM) are large-scale, system-level models which can evaluate multiple decision questions across an entire care pathway. Whilst this type of model can offer several advantages as a platform for undertaking economic analyses, the availability and quality of existing WDMs is unknown.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify existing WDMs to explore which disease areas they cover, to critically assess the quality of these models and provide recommendations for future research.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of physical activity interventions for people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: systematic review.

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend providing physical activity interventions (PAIs) to people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder for weight management. However, the cost-effectiveness of PAIs is unknown.

Aims: To evaluate the availability and methodological quality of economic evaluations of PAIs for people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Cost-effectiveness of repeat delayed imaging for spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: In patients with intracranial aneurysm presenting with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 15% of them could be missed by the initial diagnostic imaging. Repeat delayed imaging can help to identify previously undetected aneurysms, however, the cost-effectiveness of this strategy remains uncertain.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of repeat delayed imaging in patients with SAH who had a negative result during their initial imaging.

The Societal Cost of Schizophrenia: An Updated Systematic Review of Cost-of-Illness Studies.

Background: Schizophrenia imposes a substantial economic burden on society. This updated systematic review aims to collate the latest societal cost of schizophrenia across countries by reviewing recent cost-of-illness (COI) studies.

Methods: An electronic search was conducted across several databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Health Management Information Consortium, and System for Information on Grey Literature) to identify COI studies published from 2016 to 2022.

Cost-effectiveness of screening tools for identifying depression in early pregnancy: a decision tree model.

Background: Although the effectiveness of screening tools for detecting depression in pregnancy has been investigated, there is limited evidence on the cost-effectiveness. This is vital in providing full information to decision makers. This study aimed to explore the cost-effectiveness of different screening tools to identify depression in early pregnancy compared to no screening.

Cost-effectiveness of orthodontics: a systematic review.

Background: Health economic evaluation is a methodology to maximize health benefits and minimize opportunity costs and is of increasing importance in informing resource allocation decisions in healthcare.

Objective: This systematic review aims to assess the availability and quality of economic evaluations of any orthodontic interventions and summarize the conclusions of these studies.

Search Methods: A thorough search of the literature was carried out including terms related to orthodontic interventions and economic evaluation between January 2000 and February 2022.

Difficulty and help with activities of daily living among older adults living alone during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country population-based study.

Background: Older adults who live alone and have difficulties in activities of daily living (ADLs) may have been more vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about pandemic-related changes in ADL assistance (such as home care, domiciliary care) and its international variation. We examined international patterns and changes in provision of ADL assistance, and related these to country-level measures including national income and health service expenditure.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of hemodialysis plus hemoperfusion versus hemodialysis alone in adult patients with end-stage renal disease in China.

Background: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of hemodialysis (HD) plus hemoperfusion (HP) with HD alone in adult patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in China.

Methods: A Markov model was constructed to assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions over a lifetime horizon. Model parameters were informed by the HD/HP trial, the first randomized, open-label multicenter trial comparing survival outcomes and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for HD + HP versus HD alone, and supplemented by published literature and expert opinion.

Overview and Use of Tools for Selecting Modelling Techniques in Health Economic Studies.

The availability and use of tools to guide the choice of modelling technique are not well understood. Our study aims to review existing tools and explore the use of those tools in health economic models. Two reviews and one case study were conducted.

Disease Burden Attributable to the First Wave of COVID-19 in China and the Effect of Timing on the Cost-Effectiveness of Movement Restriction Policies.

Objectives: Movement restriction policies (MRPs) are effective in preventing/delaying COVID-19 transmission but are associated with high societal cost. This study aims to estimate the health burden of the first wave of COVID-19 in China and the cost-effectiveness of early versus late implementation of MRPs to inform preparation for future waves.

Methods: The SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered) modeling framework was adapted to simulate the health and cost outcomes of initiating MRPs at different times: rapid implementation (January 23, the real-world scenario), delayed by 1 week, delayed by 2 weeks, and delayed by 4 weeks.

Economic burden of COVID-19, China, January-March, 2020: a cost-of-illness study.

Objective: To estimate the economic cost of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in 31 provincial-level administrative regions and in total, in China.

Methods: We used data from government reports, clinical guidelines and other publications to estimate the main cost components of COVID-19 during 1 January-31 March 2020. These components were: identification and diagnosis of close contacts; suspected cases and confirmed cases of COVID-19; treatment of COVID-19 cases; compulsory quarantine of close contacts and suspected cases; and productivity losses for all affected residents.

Cost and health impacts of adherence to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence schizophrenia guideline recommendations.

Background: Discrepancies between the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) schizophrenia guideline recommendations and current clinical practice in the UK have been reported.

Aims: We aim to assess whether it is cost-effective to improve adherence to the NICE schizophrenia guideline recommendations, compared with current practice.

Method: A previously developed whole-disease model for schizophrenia, using the discrete event simulation method, was adapted to assess the cost and health impacts of adherence to the NICE recommendations.

A potential biomarker for treatment stratification in psychosis: evaluation of an [F] FDOPA PET imaging approach.

[F]FDOPA PET imaging has shown dopaminergic function indexed as K differs between antipsychotic treatment responders and non-responders. However, the theragnostic potential of this biomarker to identify non-responders has yet to be evaluated. In view of this, we aimed to evaluate this as a theragnostic test using linear and non-linear machine-learning (i.