Development and validation of a novel nomogram for predicting good neoangiogenesis after encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in patients with moyamoya disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Objective: Diabetes is often linked to poorer outcomes in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). However, experience has shown that certain individuals with diabetes have favorable outcomes after encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS). The authors aimed to develop a nomogram to predict good neoangiogenesis in patients with MMD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to aid neurosurgeons in the identification of suitable candidates for EDAS.

Development and validation of a novel nomogram for predicting long-term rebleeding risk among patients with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease: a 10-year multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive nomogram model for long-term rebleeding events in patients with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (HMMD).

Methods: In total, 554 patients with HMMD from the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital (5-PLAGH cohort) were included and randomly divided into training (390 patients) and internal validation (164 patients) sets. An independent cohort from the First Medical Center and Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital (the 1-PLAGH and 8-PLAGH cohort) was used for external validation (133 patients).

A long-term study of posterior circulation changes after revascularization in patients with moyamoya disease.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the long-term course of posterior circulation changes and predictors in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).

Methods: The authors retrospectively enrolled patients who were diagnosed with MMD and underwent encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) surgery at the authors' department from December 2002 to September 2011. A comparative study between short-term (6-12 months) and long-term (≥ 9 years) follow-up angiography was conducted.

Epidural Pulsation Accelerates the Drainage of Brain Interstitial Fluid.

Unhindered transportation of substances in the brain extracellular space (ECS) is essential for maintaining brain function. Regulation of transportation is a novel strategy for treating ECS blockage-related brain diseases, but few techniques have been developed to date. In this study, we established a novel approach for accelerating the drainage of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) in the ECS using minimally invasive surgery, in which a branch of the external carotid artery is separated and implanted epidurally (i.

40 Hz Light Flicker Alters Human Brain Electroencephalography Microstates and Complexity Implicated in Brain Diseases.

Previous studies showed that entrainment of light flicker at low gamma frequencies provided neuroprotection in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke. The current study was set to explore the feasibility of using 40 Hz light flicker for human brain stimulation for future development as a tool for brain disease treatment. The effect of 40 Hz low gamma frequency light on a cohort of healthy human brains was examined using 64 channel electroencephalography (EEG), followed by microstate analyses.

The Alteration of Brain Interstitial Fluid Drainage with Myelination Development.

The integrity of myelination is crucial for maintaining brain interstitial fluid (ISF) drainage in adults; however, the mechanism of ISF drainage with immature myelin in the developing brain remains unknown. In the present study, the ISF drainage from the caudate nucleus (Cn) to the ipsilateral cortex was studied at different developmental stages of the rat brain (P 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 10-80). The results show that the traced ISF drained to the cortex from Cn and to the thalamus in an opposite direction before P30.

Feasibility of occipital condyle screw placement in patients with Chiari malformation type I: a computed tomography-based morphometric study.

Background: The occipital condyle (OC) screw is an alternative technique for occipitocervical fixation that is especially suitable for revision surgery in patients with Chiari malformation type I (CMI). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of this technique in patients with CMI.

Methods: The CT data of 73 CMI patients and 73 healthy controls were retrospectively analyzed.

A morphometric study of the atlanto-occipital joint in adult patients with Chiari malformation type I.

Background: There are many morphometric studies on Chiari malformation type I (CMI) patients, most of which focus on the posterior cranial fossa (PCF). Less attention has been paid to the atlanto-occipital joint. In this study, we aim to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the atlanto-occipital joint in CMI patients.

Beneficial consequences of Lupeol on middle cerebral artery-induced cerebral ischemia in the rat involves Nrf2 and P38 MAPK modulation.

Lupeol has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities in many diseases, but its potential effects in cerebral ischemia injury have not been studied to date. In this work we present evidence for a beneficial effect of lupeol in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury and provide some histological and biochemical evidence for its mechanism of action. A cerebral MCAO rat model was established by vascular occlusion for 2 h, followed by 24 h reperfusion period.

Usefulness of 3D Printed Models in the Management of Complex Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies: Choice of Treatment Strategy, Design of Screw Trajectory, and Protection of Vertebral Artery.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of 3-dimensional (3D) printed models as an aid for the treatment of complex CVJ anomalies.

Methods: 3D printed models were fabricated for 21 patients with complex CVJ anomalies, including vertebral artery anomaly, thin C2 pedicle, vertical atlantoaxial facet joint, or rotational dislocation combined with atlantoaxial dislocation and basilar invagination. Preoperative planning, surgical simulation, and intraoperative reference were achieved using the 3D model during the surgical treatment.

Can Posterior Reduction Replace Odontoidectomy as Treatment for Patients With Congenital Posterior Atlantoaxial Dislocation and Basilar Invagination?

Background: For patients with odontoid process protrusion and basilar invagination, posterior screw-rod fixation can usually achieve satisfactory horizontal reduction, but in some cases satisfactory reduction in the vertical direction cannot be achieved at the same time.

Objective: To propose a method for calculation of the theoretical maximum vertical reduction possible in individual patients.

Methods: The computed tomography imaging data of patients with occipitalization and basilar invagination who were treated at our institute between January 2013 and June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.

Comparison of Therapeutic Efficacy Between Isolated Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis and Medical Treatment in Patients with Atherosclerotic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion.

Background: Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) as a form of indirect revascularization has been recently proposed as a potentially promising alternative for patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). The object of this study was to compare the prognostic roles between isolated EDAS and medical therapy in patients with atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Methods: From January 2014 to June 2017, 125 patients with atherosclerotic MCAO were enrolled in this prospective nonrandomized controlled cohort study.

First clinical results of minimally invasive vector lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-VLIF) in spondylodiscitis and concomitant osteoporosis: a technical note.

Purpose: First description of MIS-VLIF, a minimally invasive lumbar stabilization, to evaluate its safety and feasibility in patients suffering from weak bony conditions (lumbar spondylodiscitis and/or osteoporosis).

Methods: After informed consent, 12 patients suffering from lumbar spondylodiscitis underwent single level MIS-VLIF. Eight of them had a manifest osteoporosis, either.

On the preparation of transferrin modified artesunate nanoliposomes and their glioma-targeting treatment in-vitro and in-vivo.

Objective: To prepare transferrin modified artesunate nanoliposomes (Tf-ART-LPs) and study their glioma U87 cells-targeting treatment in-vitro and in-vivo.

Methods: Ammonium sulfate transmembrane gradient method was used to prepare Tf-ART-LPs, whose size and stability was detected by a Nanosizer. Besides, the encapsulation efficiency and release rate of artesunate (ART) were tested by a ultraviolet spectrophotometer.

Indirect Revascularization for Non-Moyamoya Disease Anterior Circulation Arterial Steno-occlusion: Clinical Features, Surgical Treatment, and Medium-Term Outcomes in Adults.

Background: Symptomatic anterior arterial steno-occlusion is often associated with neurofunctional deficits or a high risk of recurrent stroke or both. Although both medical and endovascular treatments are useful and suitable, few studies have investigated the continued use of indirect encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) bypass in patients with non-moyamoya disease ischemia. We retrospectively investigated clinical features, surgical treatments, and medium-term outcomes of indirect revascularization for patients with non-moyamoya disease anterior circulation arterial steno-occlusion in China.

[Analysis of 160 cases of C1 lateral mass screw fixation in patients with atlas occipitalization and occipito-cervical instability].

Objective: To summarize the clinical effect of C1 lateral mass screw fixation in patients with atlas occipitalization and occipito-cervical instability (OCI).

Methods: Patients of atlas occipitalization and OCI from June 2007 to October 2013 which had been treated by C1 lateral mass fixation in our institution were retrospective analyzed. The clinical neurologic function improvement rate and bone fusion rate were investigated at follow-ups.

[Exploratory study of 3D printing technique in the treatment of basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation].

Objective: To investigate the clinical application value of the 3D printing technique in the treatment of basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation.

Methods: From January 2013 to September 2013, 10 patients with basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation needing posterior fixation undertook 3D printing modes at the Department of Neurosurgery in PLA General Hospital. The 1:1 size models were established from skull base to C4 level with different colors between bone structures and vertebral arteries.

Posterior Reduction of Fixed Atlantoaxial Dislocation and Basilar Invagination by Atlantoaxial Facet Joint Release and Fixation: A Modified Technique With 174 Cases.

Background: Treatment of fixed atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) with basilar invagination (BI) is challenging.

Objective: To introduce a modified technique to reduce fixed AAD and BI through a posterior approach.

Methods: From 2007 to 2013, 174 patients with fixed AAD and BI underwent surgical reduction by posterior atlantoaxial facet joint release and fixation technique.

Occipital Condyle-C1 Complex Screw for Fixation of Basilar Invagination Patients with Atlas Assimilation.

Aim: To investigate whether C1-occipital condyle complex (CC complex) screws can be safely and rapidly placed without guidance in basilar invagination patients with atlas assimilation.

Material And Methods: The occipital-cervical (OC) junction was fixed posteriorly in 8 basilar invagination patients with atlas assimilation using polyaxial titanium screws inserted unicortically into the CC complex and C2 pedicles and subsequent fixation to a 3-mm rod. Anatomic landmarks were used during the drilling.

Downregulation of solute carriers of glutamate in gliosomes and synaptosomes may explain local brain metastasis in anaplastic glioblastoma.

Advanced grades of glioblastoma are highly aggressive, especially in terms of multisite spread within the brain or even to distant sites at the spinal cord. In advanced grades of glioblastoma, glutamate and glutamine are reported to be increased in concentration in the extracellular fluid. It has been reported that glutamate acts as an extracellular signaling molecule for facilitating local spread of advanced grades of glioblastoma.

[Treatment of fixed atlantoaxial dislocation and basilar invagination with C1-2 screw and rod reduction and fixation technique].

Objective: To introduce a novel technique of reducing fixed atlantoaxial dislocation (FAAD) and basilar invagination (BI) with C1-C2 screw and rod system.

Methods: From January 2009 to December 2011, 26 patients of FAAD and BI were reduced successfully with an insertion of C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle/pars screw and rod system. The cohort had 17 females and 9 males.

Safety and efficacy of microscope-assisted insertion of screws into fused C1-occipital condyle complex for occipital cervical fixation in atlantal cervical nonsegmentation patients.

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of the insertion of screws into fused C1-occipital condyle(CC)complex without image guidance in atlantal-cervical nonsegmentation patients.

Methods: The occipital condyle junction was fixed posteriorly in 10 basilar invagination patients with atlantal-cervical nonsegmentation using polyaxial titanium screws(3.5 mm)inserted unicortically into the CC complex and C2 pedicles,followed by fixation to a 3 mm rod.

[Thoracic extramedullary subdural and epidural of inflammatory myofibroblastoma: a case report].

We present here a rare case of thoracic extramedullary subdural and epidural of leisions. The initial diagnosis of preoperation was hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum, however, after excision of the epidural lesions, the symptoms got worse. A second operation found the subdural leisions which were then totally resected.