Design and characterization of third-order Sallen-Key digital filter in nuclear signal processing.

The Gaussian filter shaping circuit is widely used in the nuclear pulse signal processing due to its good performance in amplitude extraction and pulse counting. A third-order Sallen-Key (3rd S-K) filter shaping circuit is designed based on a RC integrator and a second-order Sallen-Key (2nd S-K) circuit. According to the digital 3rd S-K, the transfer functions is derived in the Laplacian domain, and the numerical recurrence model is analyzed and researched, the purpose is to obtain its transfer function and amplitude-frequency response curve in the z-domain.

Ultrastructural study of closed macular hole- preliminary application of a novel high magnification module combining with OCT.

Background: As a novel high magnification module (HMM) combining with OCT (OCT-HMM) is able to detect the microstructure of retina, we apply it to explore the ultrastructure of the macula after closure of the idiopathic macular hole (IMH) by surgery.

Methods: This is an observational case series study in which patients with full-thickness IMHs who had undergone successful macular closure by vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling and healthy subjects were recruited. After comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, the images of macular area were obtained and collected by professional operators using OCT-HMM.

Insights Into the Role of Exposed Surface Charged Residues in the Alkali-Tolerance of GH11 Xylanase.

Thermostable and alkaline- or acid-stable xylanases are more advantageous in agricultural and industrial fields. In this study, a rational structure-based design was conducted based on a thermostable GH11 xylanase XynA from to improved pH-tolerance. Four mutant enzymes (P1, P2, P3, and P4) and five variants (N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5) were constructed by substituting surface charged residue combinations using site-directed mutagenesis.

A novel thermostable chitinolytic machinery of sp. F-3 consisting of chitinases with different action modes.

Background: The biodegradation of chitin is an important part of the carbon and nitrogen cycles in nature. Speeding up the biotransformation of chitin substrates can not only reduce pollution, but also produce high value-added products. However, this process is strictly regulated by the catalytic efficiency of the chitinolytic machinery.

A Highly Efficient Xylan-Utilization System in An76: A Functional-Proteomics Study.

Xylan constituted with β-1,4-D-xylose linked backbone and diverse substituted side-chains is the most abundant hemicellulose component of biomass, which can be completely and rapidly degraded into fermentable sugars by . This is of great value for obtaining renewable biofuels and biochemicals. To clarify the underlying mechanisms associated with highly efficient xylan degradation, assimilation, and metabolism by , we utilized functional proteomics to analyze the secreted proteins, sugar transporters, and intracellular proteins of An76 grown on xylan-based substrates.

Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. F-3.

Streptomyces sp. F-3 is a kind of thermophilic Streptomyces strain that can produce cellulolytic enzymes and diverse secondary metabolites. Here, we report the complete genome of this organism, whose genome length is 5,303,958 bp, containing 6,041 protein-coding genes, 69 tRNA operons, and three rRNA operons.

Determination of the modes of action and synergies of xylanases by analysis of xylooligosaccharide profiles over time using fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis.

The structure of xylan, which has a 1,4-linked β-xylose backbone with various substituents, is much more heterogeneous and complex than that of cellulose. Because of this, complete degradation of xylan needs a large number of enzymes that includes GH10, GH11, and GH3 family xylanases together with auxiliary enzymes. Fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) is able to accurately differentiate unsubstituted and substituted xylooligosaccharides (XOS) in the heterogeneous products generated by different xylanases and allows changes in concentrations of specific XOS to be analyzed quantitatively.

Anticancer effect of docetaxel induces apoptosis of prostate cancer via the cofilin-1 and paxillin signaling pathway.

Prostate cancer is a common multiple malignant tumor occurring in males. Prostate cancer mortality is the 2nd most common of all tumor types in Western countries and the mortality of morbidity is 13% in the USA. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of docetaxel on inducing the apoptosis of prostate cancer via the cofilin‑1 and paxillin signaling pathway.

Draft Genome Sequence of Aspergillus niger Strain An76.

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger has become one of the most important fungi in industrial biotechnology, and it can efficiently secrete both polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and organic acids. We report here the 6,074,961,332-bp draft sequence of A. niger strain An76, and the findings provide important information related to its lignocellulose-degrading ability.

Dynamic changes of the dominant functioning microbial community in the compost of a 90-m(3) aerobic solid state fermentor revealed by integrated meta-omics.

The dynamic changes in the composition and function of both bacterial and fungal communities over time and at various depths in the compost of a 90-m(3) industrial-scale fermentor were explored using integrated meta-omics. The microbial communities in the middle layer (1.2m) of the compost developed a stable and simple structure over time, which was mainly composed of Thermobifida, Bacillus, Thermomyces and Aspergillus.

Thermomyces lanuginosus is the dominant fungus in maize straw composts.

The microbial community composition and function of three self-heating maize straw composts were compared by integrated meta-omics. The results revealed that the fungal communities were primarily dominated by the phylum Ascomycota (>90%) regardless of different nitrogen sources, which were exclusively composed of the Thermomyces, a genus of hemicellulose degraders. The bacterial community composition was affected by the addition of nitrogen sources, as the abundance of the Actinobacteria increased, while the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes decreased.

Comparative Secretome Analysis of Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, and Penicillium oxalicum During Solid-State Fermentation.

Filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus spp., Trichoderma spp., and Penicillium spp.

Evaluation of Docetaxel-Sensitive and Docetaxel-Resistant Proteomes in PC-3 Cells.

Objectives: Docetaxel was the first drug with proven survival benefit in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Acquired resistance to docetaxel precedes fatality in castration-resistant prostate cancer. The aims of this study were to evaluate docetaxel-sensitive and docetaxel-resistant proteomes in PC-3 cells, and to investigate the molecular mechanism of docetaxel-resistant PC-3 cells.

[Mics of the Clostridium thermocellum in lignocellulose degradation--a review].

Clostridium thermocellum ( C. thermocellum ) is the dominant microorganism that can efficiently degrade lignocellulose. Extensive studies were done for secreting the cell surface-bound protein complex known as the cellulosome.

Discussion on research methods of bacterial resistant mutation mechanisms under selective culture--uncertainty analysis of data from the Luria-Delbrück fluctuation experiment.

Whether bacterial drug-resistance is drug-induced or results from rapid propagation of random spontaneous mutations in the flora prior to exposure, remains a long-term key issue concerned and debated in both genetics and medicinal fields. In a pioneering study, Luria and Delbrück exposed E. coli to T1 phage, to investigate whether the number of resistant colonies followed the Poisson distribution.

A novel approach for estimating the relationship between the kinetics and thermodynamics of glycoside hydrolases.

A series of experiments were performed, in which p-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside (PNPC) was hydrolyzed by 1, 4-β-D-glucan-cellobiohydrolase (CBHI: EC 3.2.1.

A novel approach for assessing the susceptibility of Escherichia coli to antibiotics.

The dynamic growth process of Escherichia coli CVCC249 under different concentrations of antibiotics was analyzed. The results suggested that the main reason that definitive results cannot be obtained by antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is that the ratio of drug concentration to the population of bacteria and the combined effect of drug concentration and action time cannot be completely determined with the methods used. Based on the analysis of the growth process with a series of concentrations of gentamicin acting for a certain time, and according to the forward difference method, a novel method for AST was proposed.

A modified suspension test for estimating the mutagenicity of samples containing free and (or) protein-bound histidine.

The Ames test has not been very effective in estimating the mutagenicity of histidine-containing samples because external free and (or) protein-bound histidine in these samples would allow the histidine auxotrophs in such test samples to grow more compared with the negative controls that were used as the reference. This could give rise to a false positive.n this study, a modified suspension mutagenicity assay (MS assay) was developed.

Effect of physiological heterogeneity of E. coli population on antibiotic susceptivity test.

According to the instantaneous growth rate (dN/dt) of E. coli CVCC249 growing in batch culture, the entire growth progress was distinguished into four phases: accelerating growth phase, constant growth phase, decelerating growth phase and declining phase, in each of which obvious variation in physiological and biochemical properties was detected, including total DNA, total protein, and MTT-dehydrogenase activity, etc., that led to difference in their antibiotic susceptivity.

Effect of the population heterogeneity on growth behavior and its estimation.

Different types of the Logistic model are constructed based on a simple assumption that the microbial populations are all composed of homogeneous members and consequently, the condition of design for the initial value of these models has to be rather limited in the case of N(t(0))=N(0). Therefore, these models cannot distinguish the dynamic behavior of the populations possessing the same N(0) from heterogeneous phases. In fact, only a certain ratio of the cells in a population is dividing at any moment during growth progress, termed as theta, and thus, dN/dt not only depends on N, but also on theta.

A novel approach for estimating growth phases and parameters of bacterial population in batch culture.

Using mathematical analysis, a new method has been developed for studying the growth kinetics of bacterial populations in batch culture. First, sampling data were smoothed with the spline interpolation method. Second, the instantaneous rates were derived by numerical differential techniques and finally, the derived data were fitted with the Gaussian function to obtain growth parameters.

Morphologies and phylogenetic classification of cellulolytic myxobacteria.

The evolutionary distances of the 16S rDNA sequences in cellulolytic myxobacteria are less than 3%, which units all the strains into a single genus, Sorangium. The size of myxospores and the shape of sporangioles, rather than fruiting body colors or swarm morphologies are consistent with the changes of the 16S rDNA sequences. It is suggested that there are at least two species in the genus Sorangium: one includes strains with small myxospores and spherical sporangioles, and the color of the fruiting bodies is normally orange or brown, though sometimes yellow or black.