Myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibit responses of T follicular helper cells during experimental Plasmodium yoelii infection.

Malaria remains a significant global public health problem. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a subset of CD4 T cells, have the capacity to regulate B cells, plasma cells, and antibody production, among other functions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) possess strong immunosuppressive abilities and can negatively regulate various immune responses.

Plasmodium yoelii Infection Enhances the Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells via JAK/STAT3 Pathway.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the negative immune regulators, have been demonstrated to be involved in immune responses to a variety of pathological conditions, such as tumors, chronic inflammation, and infectious diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms underlying the expansion of MDSCs in malaria remain unclear. In this study, the phenotypic and functional characteristics of splenic MDSCs during Plasmodium yoelii NSM infection are described.

Characteristics of Th9 cells in Schistosoma japonicum-infected C57BL/6 mouse mesenteric lymph node.

Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is an effective cytokine secreted by newly defined Th9 cells, which is involved in allergic and infectious diseases. In this study, lymphocytes were isolated from mesenteric lymph node (MLN), spleen, liver, lung, and Peyer's patches (PP) of C57BL/6 mice 5-6 weeks after S. japonicum infection, intracellular cytokine staining was done to detect the percentage of IL-9-producing CD4 T cells.

TLR7 controls myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and function in the lung of C57BL6 mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the induction of innate and adaptive immune responses against Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection. However, the role of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in the mouse lung during S.

TLR7 modulating B-cell immune responses in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

B cells played an important role in Schistosoma infection-induced diseases. TLR7 is an intracellular member of the innate immune receptor. The role of TLR7 on B cells mediated immune response is still unclear.

Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 Regulates the Development of Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Through the Transcription of c-Myc in Cancer.

The accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is one of the major obstacles to achieve an appropriate anti-tumor immune response and successful tumor immunotherapy. MDSCs in tumor-bearing hosts are primarily polymorphonuclear (PMN-MDSCs). However, the mechanisms regulating the development of MDSCs remain poorly understood.

Characterization of γδT cells in lung of Plasmodium yoelii-infected C57BL/6 mice.

Background: Malaria has high morbidity and mortality rates in some parts of tropical and subtropical countries. Besides respiratory and metabolic function, lung plays a role in immune system. γδT cells have multiple functions in producing cytokines and chemokines, regulating the immune response by interacting with other cells.

Adjustments of γδ T Cells in the Lung of -Infected C56BL/6 Mice.

Many kinds of lymphocytes are involved in () infection-induced disease. γδ T cells comprise a small number of innate lymphocytes that quickly respond to foreign materials. In this study, the role of γδ T cells in the lung of -infected C56BL/6 mice was investigated.

TLR7 Modulated T Cell Response in the Mesenteric Lymph Node of -Infected C57BL/6 Mice.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in regulating immune responses during pathogen infection. However, roles of TLRs on T cells reside in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) were not be fully elucidated in the course of infection. In this study, T lymphocytes from the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) of -infected mice were isolated and the expression and roles of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 on both CD4 and CD8 T cells were compared.

Changes of CD103-expressing pulmonary CD4 and CD8 T cells in S. japonicum infected C57BL/6 mice.

Background: Recent studies have shown that CD103 is an important marker for tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) which plays an important role in anti-infection. However, the role of CD103 TRM was not elucidated in the progress of S. japonicum infection induced disease.

Infection Promotes the Response of Tfh Cells Through Down-Regulation of Caspase-3-Mediating Apoptosis.

CD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a new subset of immune cells, have been demonstrated to be involved in granulomatous responses to infection. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of Tfh cell aggregation in infection remain incompletely understood. In this study, we provide evidence that infection enhances the accumulation of Tfh cells in the spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood of C57BL/6 mice.

VP19 is important for the envelope coating of white spot syndrome virus.

VP19 is a major envelope protein of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), an important pathogen of farmed shrimp. However, the exact function of VP19 in WSSV assembly and infection is unknown. To understand the function of VP19, the gene was knocked down by RNA interference.

Expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 on pulmonary lymphocytes of Schistosoma japonicum-infected C57BL/6 mice.

Despite the paramount role of TLRs in the induction of innate immune and inflammatory responses, there is a paucity of studies on the role of TLRs in Schistosoma japonicum infection. Here, we observed obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in S. japonicum-infected C57BL/6 mouse lungs.

Detection of T lymphocyte subsets and related functional molecules in follicular fluid of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Immune responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the characteristics of T lymphocyte subsets in PCOS remain insufficiently understood. In this study, lymphocytes of follicular fluid (FF) were obtained from oocyte retrieval before in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in infertile women with or without PCOS.

TLR3 Modulates the Response of NK Cells against .

Natural killer (NK) cells are classic innate immune cells that play roles in many types of infectious diseases. NK cells possess many kinds of TLRs that allow them to sense and respond to invading pathogens. Our previous study found that NK cells could modulate the immune response induced by in C57BL/6 mice.

Characteristics of IL-9 induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection in C57BL/6 mouse liver.

Liver granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis were the primary pathological changes observed during Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection. In the present study, the characteristics of IL-9 were investigated in the liver of S.

A Infection Promotes the Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Activating the JAK/STAT3 Pathway.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous group of immune cells from the myeloid lineage, play an important part in suppression of host immune responses during many pathologic conditions, including cancer and infectious diseases. Thus, understanding the functional diversity of these cells as well as the underlying mechanisms is crucial for the development of disease control strategies. The role of MDSCs during infection, however, is not clear, and there is a lack of systematic study so far.

NOD2 and TLR2 ligands trigger the activation of basophils and eosinophils by interacting with dermal fibroblasts in atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation.

The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) has a unique predisposition for colonization by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which contributes to the inflammation and grim prognosis of AD. Although the mechanism underlying the S.

Interleukin-27 enhances TNF-α-mediated activation of human coronary artery endothelial cells.

Immune cells and inflammatory mediators play important roles in the development of atherosclerotic vascular inflammation. IL-27 is a member of the IL-6/IL-12 family that can promote Th1 responses and augment the release of inflammatory mediators from human mast cells and monocytes. However, the direct effect of IL-27 on human coronary artery endothelial cells was unclear.

NOD-like receptors mediated activation of eosinophils interacting with bronchial epithelial cells: a link between innate immunity and allergic asthma.

Key intracytosolic pattern recognition receptors of innate immunity against bacterial infections are nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs). We elucidated the NOD1 and NOD2-mediated activation of human eosinophils, the principal effector cells for allergic inflammation, upon interacting with human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells in allergic asthma. Eosinophils constitutively expressed NOD1,2 but exhibited nonsignificant responses to release chemokines upon the stimulation by NOD1 ligand γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) and NOD2 ligand muramyl dipeptide (MDP).

Activation of eosinophils interacting with dermal fibroblasts by pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 and alarmin IL-33: implications in atopic dermatitis.

Background: IL-31 is a pruritogenic cytokine, and IL-33 is an alarmin for damaging inflammation. They together relate to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Eosinophil infiltration into the inner dermal compartment is a predominant pathological feature of AD.