Remote sensing identification of urban water pollution source types using hyperspectral data.

Owing to accelerated urbanisation, increased pollutants have degraded urban water quality. Timely identification and control of pollution sources enable relevant departments to effectively perform water treatment and restoration. To achieve this goal, a remote sensing identification method for urban water pollution sources applicable to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral images was established.

Contributions of meteorology and nutrient to the surface cyanobacterial blooms at different timescales in the shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu.

Quantitative assessments of the contributions of various environmental factors to cyanobacterial blooms at different timescales are lacking. Here, the hourly cyanobacterial bloom intensity (CBI) index, a proxy for the intensity of surface cyanobacterial biomass, was obtained from the geostationary satellite sensor Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) over the years 2011-2018. Generalized additive model was applied to determine the responses of monthly and hourly CBI to the perturbations of meteorological factors, water stability and nutrients, with variation partitioning analysis used to analyze the relative importance of the three groups of variables to the inter-monthly variation of diurnal CBI in each season.

A hybrid remote sensing approach for estimating chemical oxygen demand concentration in optically complex waters: A case study in inland lake waters in eastern China.

Chemical oxygen demand concentration (C) is widely used to indicate the degree of organic pollution of lakes, reservoirs and rivers. Mastering the spatiotemporal distribution of C is imperative for understanding the variation mechanism and controlling of organic pollution in water. In this study, a hybrid approach suitable for Sentinel 3A/Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) data was developed to estimate C in inland optically complex waters embedding the interaction between C and the absorption coefficients of optically active constituents (OACs).

Long-term monitoring particulate composition change in the Great Lakes using MODIS data.

Particulate composition provides important information for understanding the changes in underwater light fields and primary productivity. In this study, a semianalytical algorithm, based on Rayleigh-corrected reflectance at 678 nm and 748 nm on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images was used to estimate the ratio of chlorophyll a to total suspended solids (Chla/TSS), which characterizes the particulate composition of the Great Lakes. The long-term spatial and temporal characteristics of Chla/TSS in the Great Lakes from 2000 to 2020 were obtained.

Monitoring the particulate phosphorus concentration of inland waters on the Yangtze Plain and understanding its relationship with driving factors based on OLCI data.

Tracking the spatiotemporal dynamics of particulate phosphorus concentration (C) and understanding its regulating factors is essential to improve our understanding of its impact on inland water eutrophication. However, few studies have assessed this in eutrophic inland lakes, owing to a lack of suitable bio-optical algorithms allowing the use of remote sensing data. Herein, a novel semi-analytical algorithm of C was developed to estimate C in lakes on the Yangtze Plain, China.

Preliminary research on total nitrogen content prediction of sandalwood using the error-in-variable models based on digital image processing.

This paper presents a method for predicting the total nitrogen content in sandalwood using digital image processing. The goal of this study is to provide a real-time, efficient, and highly automated nutritional diagnosis system for producers by analyzing images obtained in forests. Using images acquired from field servers, which were installed in six forest farms of different cities located in northern Hainan Province, we propose a new segmentation algorithm and define a new indicator named "growth status" (GS), which includes two varieties: GSMER (the ratio of sandalwood pixels to the minimum enclosing rectangle pixels) and GSMCC (the ratio of sandalwood pixels to minimum circumscribed circle pixels).

Different responses of galanin and calcitonin gene-related peptide to capsaicin stimulation on dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro.

Both galanin (Gal) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are sensory neuropeptides which expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and are involved in nociceptive processing. Capsaicin (CAP) influences nociceptive processing via influencing the expression of sensory neuropeptides in primary sensory neurons. However, little is known about the alterations of Gal and CGRP expression at the same condition stimulated by CAP.

Formation of neuromuscular junction-like structure between primary sensory terminals and skeletal muscle cells in vitro.

Sensory nerve cross-anastomosis provides a modified trophic environment by modulating neurotrophic factor synthesis in muscle. Target tissues contribute to the phenotype and function of sensory neurons. Whether formation of neuromuscular junction (NMJ)-like structure between sensory neurons and skeletal muscle (SKM) cells in vitro remains unknown.

Nerve growth factor regulates galanin and neuropeptide Y expression in primary cultured superior cervical ganglion neurons.

Both galanin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are expressed in superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons. Following nerve transection or axotomy galanin is strongly upregulated and NPY is downregulated in SCG neurons because target-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) content decreased. It is not known whether or to what extent NGF affects both galanin and NPY expression in primary cultured SCG neurons.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 modulates Ca2+ homeostasis and apoptosis of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic factor and a potent anti-apoptotic factor. IGF-1 plays an important role in promoting axonal growth from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and prevents apoptosis in DRG neurons. Whether IGF-1 could modulate Ca2+ homeostasis and apoptosis of sensory DRG neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate (Glu) is still unknown.

Co-administration of monosialoganglioside and skeletal muscle cells on dorsal root ganglion neuronal phenotypes in vitro.

The neuropeptide-immunoreactive (IR) and neurofilament-IR neurons are two major phenotypical classes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Targets of neuronal innervation play a vital role in regulating the survival and differentiation of innervating neurotrophin-responsive neurons. Monosialoganglioside (GM1) has been considered to have a neurotrophic factor-like activity.

Exogenous galanin regulates capsaicin-evoked substance P release from primary cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Objectives: To determine the effect of exogenous galanin on capsaicin-evoked substance P (SP) release from primary cultured embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.

Methods: DRG was dissected out from embryonic 15-day-old Wistar rat and cultured as dissociated cells for 2 days then exposed to galanin (1 nmol/L, 10 nmol/L, 100 nmol/L). After 4 days incubation with exogenous galanin, the levels of mRNAs for SP and vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) and protein for VR1 were estimated by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.

Neuronal phenotype and tyrosine kinase receptor expression in cocultures of dorsal root ganglion and skeletal muscle cells.

The neuropeptide-immunoreactive (IR) and neurofilament-IR neurons are two major phenotypical classes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk)A, TrkB, and TrkC are three members of the Trk family which may be relevant to neuronal phenotypes. Whether target skeletal muscle cells generate their expression remains unclear.

Pioglitazone inhibits hypertrophy induced by high glucose and insulin in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone has a direct inhibiting effect on myocardial hypertrophy induced by high glucose and insulin in primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Culture preparations of ventricular muscle cells newborn rats were utilized. At 72 h of culture age, the cardiomyocytes were incubated for another 48 h with 25.

GM1 and NGF modulate Ca2+ homeostasis and GAP43 mRNA expression in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate.

Monosialoganglioside (GM1) has been considered to have a neurotrophic factor-like activity. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a member of the neurotrophin family, is essential for neuronal survival, differentiation and maturation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether co-administration of GM1 and NGF reverses glutamate (Glu) neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat embryonic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.

Butyrate sensitizes the release of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide evoked by capsaicin from primary cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Objectives: To investigate whether butyrate increases substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release evoked by capsaicin from primary cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.

Methods: DRG was dissected out from embryonic 15-day-old Wistar rat and cultured as dissociate cells for 24 h then exposed to butyrate (0.01 mmol/L, 0.

A role for cysteinyl leukotrienes in airway remodeling in a mouse asthma model.

Airway inflammation and remodeling in chronic asthma are characterized by airway eosinophilia, hyperplasia of goblet cells and smooth muscle, and subepithelial fibrosis. We examined the role of leukotrienes in a mouse model of allergen-induced chronic lung inflammation and fibrosis. BALB/c mice, after intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization on Days 0 and 14, received intranasal OVA periodically Days 14-75.