Relationship between inflammatory reaction and ischemic injury of caudate-putamen in rats: inflammatory reaction and brain ischemia.

Inflammatory response after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) has been a focus of research recently, but the effect of inflammatory cells on ischemic neurons remains unclear. In order to study the effect of the inflammatory reaction on brain ischemic injury, we observed the morphology, number and distribution of CD3-, CD8-, ED1- and ED2-positive cells systematically in the caudate-putamen of rats in a MCAO model. The present results show that all four types of inflammatory cells first infiltrated the ischemic penumbra and then migrated into the center of the ischemic area, but the morphological changes and infiltration processes differed significantly; the infiltration of CD3- and CD8-positive cells into the ischemic area started at 3 days postischemia, and their number peaked at 1 week; however, although ED1- and ED2-positive cells were also observed at 3 days after ischemia, they reached their maximum number at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively.

WITHDRAWN: Transplantation of bone mesenchymal stem cells containing the nerve growth factor gene in adult rat brain with Fimbria Fornix lesion.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a promising source for cell-based treatment of brain injury, but the therapy of BMSCs is restricted by low cell survival. We examined whether nerve growth factor (NGF) improve BMSCs viability in the brain with Fimbria-Fornix lesion (FF). After transduction of NGF gene via recombinant retroviral vectors, the rat BMSCs were transformed into the NGF-GFP positive BMSCs, nearly 100% of cells expressed NGF.

Involvement of NOS/NO in the development of chronic dental inflammatory pain in rats.

Nitric oxide (NO) is believed to be an important messenger molecule in nociceptive transmission. To assess the possible roles of NO in trigeminal sensory system, we examined the distribution and density of histochemical staining for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), a marker for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and immunohistochemical staining for c-Fos, a neuronal activity marker, in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) following pulp exposure (PX) injured rats. The neurons innervating injured tooth in TG were labeled by the retrograde transport of fluoro-gold (FG).

Expression and colocalization of NADPH-diaphorase and heme oxygenase-2 in trigeminal ganglion and mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the rat.

Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) are two endogenously produced gases that can function as second messenger molecules in the nervous system. The enzyme systems responsible for CO and NO biosynthesis are heme oxygenase (HO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), respectively. The present study was undertaken to examine the distribution of HO-2 and NOS of the trigeminal primary afferent neurons of the rat, located in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN), using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry.

Effects of the aqueous extract of the Chinese medicine Danggui-Shaoyao-San on rat pineal melatonin synthesis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate if the aqueous extract of the Chinese medicine Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) can increase the plasma level of melatonin and enhance the function of the pineal gland of naturally aged rats.

Methods: The rats were treated with DSS at doses of 3ml or same volume of distilled water by oral administration at 11 p.m.

Differential effects of melatonin on hippocampal neurodegeneration in different aged accelerated senescence prone mouse-8.

Objectives: A purpose of this study is to compare the differential effects of melatonin on hippocampal neurodegeneration in accelerated senescence prone mouse-8 (SAMP8) which is initiated treatment at different age.

Methods: The 4-months old SAMP8 mice were injected subcutaneously with melatonin (1 mg/kg/day) for 4 months. Similar treatments were performed in the 7-months old mice.

[Antibody production and its neutralization of Abeta42's cytoxicity in BALB/c mice induced by Abeta42 and its subunit vaccines].

Aim: To explore the production of anti-Abeta42 antibody after immunization with Abeta42 and its subunit peptide vaccines.

Methods: Seventy five male BALB/c with the age of 6 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely, control group, Abeta42 group, Abeta(36-42) group, Abeta(1-15)group and F Abeta(1-15) group. The BALB/c mice were immunized four times with PBS+MF59 adjuvant, Abeta42+MF59, Abeta(36-42)+heptalysine (MAP)+MF59, Abeta(1-15)+MAP+MF59 and Abeta(1-15)+MAP+Freud's adjuvant, respectively.