The reduced contraction capacity of palatopharyngeal muscle in OSAHS is related to the decreased intra-cellular [Ca] mediated by low RyR1 and DHPRα1s expression.

Purpose: To aim of the study was to explore the possible mechanisms for the decreased contraction capacity of the palatopharyngeal muscle in cases with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods: Palatopharyngeal muscle specimens from patients with OSAHS were taken as the case group. Palatopharyngeal muscle tissue by surgical removal of oropharyngeal malignant tumors was used as a control cohort.

Identification of potential core genes and pathways predicting pathogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common subtype of head and neck cancer; however, its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets remain largely unknown. In the present study, we analyzed three gene expression profiles and screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HNSCC and normal tissues. The DEGs were subjected to gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interaction (PPI), and survival analyses, while the connectivity map (CMap) database was used to predict candidate small molecules that may reverse the biological state of HNSCC.

Clinical observation of soft palate-pharyngoplasty in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children.

Background: Childhood obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common clinical disease that can cause serious complications if not treated in time. The preferred treatment for OSAHS in children is surgery.

Aim: To observe the effects of soft palate-pharyngoplasty on postoperative outcome, pharyngeal formation, and possible complications.

The Therapeutic Effect of the Combination of Intratumor Injection of Bleomycin and Electroresection/Electrocautery on the Hemangiomas in Hypopharynx and Larynx Through Suspension Laryngoscopy.

Objectives: The treatment of hemangiomas in the hypopharynx and larynx can be challenging and stressful because of the high tumor recurrence rate. The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination of intratumor injection of bleomycin and electroresection/electrocautery on the hemangiomas in the hypopharynx and larynx through suspension laryngoscopy.

Methods: With patients under general anesthesia, the hemangiomas were fully exposed through suspension laryngoscopy.

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress and protects the liver from chronic intermittent hypoxia induced injury.

Obstructive sleep apnea that characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) has been reported to associate with chronic liver injury. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) exerts liver-protective effects in various liver diseases. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that TUDCA could protect liver against CIH injury.

A Case of a Very Elongated Styloid Process.

Eagle syndrome is characterized by recurrent pain in the oropharynx and face due to an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament. In this article, we experienced a case of an elongated styloid process which is very rare in size and detailed treatment process. The patient was a 53-year-old Chinese woman with a chief complaint of frequent episodes of radiating pain in left preauricular region for 2 years.

Genetic Effects on Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Evidence-based Treatment for Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

In this article, the mechanism of inheritance behind inherited hearing loss and genetic susceptibility in noise-induced hearing loss are reviewed. Conventional treatments for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), i.e.

Confounding Effect in Clinical Research of Otolaryngology and Its Control.

Confounding effect is a critical issue in clinical research of otolaryngology because it can distort the research's conclusion. In this review, we introduce the definition of confounding effect, the methods of verifying and controlling the effect. Confounding effect can be prevented by research's design, and adjusted by data analysis.

[Pathologic changes of the genioglossus in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome dominated by lingual region obstruction].

Objective: To study the pathological changes of genioglossus with transmission electron microscope (TEM) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) dominated by lingual region obstruction, and to explore the role of tongue organizations in the pathogenesis and its clinical significance.

Method: Thirty-eight cases of genioglossus were collected from the patients received UPPP and partial glossectomy (3060 severe group 15 cases), 6 adult patients without oropharyneal and hypopharyneal obstructive disease received tongue tumor resection or trauma debridement surgery were collected as control group. The features of morphological changes in genioglossus were observed by TEM.

[Superior horn of thyroid cartilage dysplasia in 1 case].

The external stimuli and other reasons may result in hyperplasia and abnormal angle of the upper corner of the thyroid cartilage. The upper corner of the thyroid cartilage has anatomical variations. To oppression stimulate carotid artery, cervical sympathetic dry section and so on, could causing pharyngeal foreign body sensation and sore throat.

[Research on failure reasons of surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and reoperation method].

Objective: To analyze failure reasons of surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and explore the methods of reoperation.

Method: By selecting 27 patients, who accepted surgical treatment for OSAHS and recurred, we analyzed failure reasons and obstructive location by apneagraph, nasopharyngeal 3D-CT, electronic nasopharynlaryngoscope. Among them, 14 patients accepted reoperation, such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), nasoendoscopic surgery, adenoidectomy, partial glossectomy, tracheotomy were applied matching to differential obstructive location.

[The clinical investigation of the potential complications of H-UPPP surgery in removing the partial pharyngeal muscle].

Objective: In order to improve the postoperative effect of modified UPPP, removing the partial pharyngeal muscle in surgery, we investigate the postoperative effect, the characteristics of pharyngeal cavity and the potential complications in OSAHS patients.

Method: To choose 82 OSAHS patients with obstructive oropharyngeal plane diagnosed by Apneagraphy (AG), Fibre nasopharyngoscope combined with Müller examination and nasopharyngeal 3D-CT, which had completed clinical data inpatients in the anesthesia underwent of the partial pharyngeal muscles in the postoperative, divided into a control group of 26 cases, operating the H-UPPP surgery which did not remove partial pharyngeal muscle; The experimental group of 56 cases did a H-UPPP surgical which removed partial pharyngeal muscle of possible concurrent symptoms such as nasal regurgitation, Eustachian tube dysfunction and other follow-up study in six months after the monthly telephone follow-up or outpatient exams to understand the disease. Patients were evaluated the sleepiness by ESS(Epworth sleepiness scale) in 6 months after the surgery, compared with the preoperative ESS scores, do a t test for statistical analysis.

[Histopathologic and morphological changes of palatopharyngeal soft tissue in patients with mild, moderate, and severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome].

Objective: To observe the histopathologic and morphological changes of palatopharyngeal soft tissues in patients with different degrees of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients.

Method: Thirty-eight male OSAHS patients were divided into 3 groups according to AHI, namely mild group (n = 10), moderate group (n = 13),and severe group (n = 15). The soft palate tissues with partial palatopharyngeal arch and palatoglossal arch tissues were obtained from surgery and processed with conventional paraffin embedding.

[Significance of AG in OSAHS operation treatment guidance and evaluation of postoperative efficacy].

Objective: Apneagraph can be used to discuss which the best operation scheme is for OSAHS. Effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty can be assessed by Apneagraph in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients.

Method: Fifty-six patients with OSAHS received the modified UPPP operation were randomly selected in our hospital.

[Pathologic changes of the palatopharyngeal muscles in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome of different degrees].

Objective: To study the pathologic changes of the palatopharyngeal muscles with transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), the role of the above muscle in OSAHS pathogenesis was discussed.

Methods: Thirty-eight palatopharyngeal muscle from OSAHS patients receiving uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) were collected in in-patient department of Chinese Medical University and five palatal tumor patients receiving resection without snoring were chosen as the control. The palatopharyngeal muscle fiber and the feature of changes in mitochondrial morphology were observed by TEM.

[Effective evaluation of multiple level surgery in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of multiple level surgery in treating obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods: One hundred ninety two patients with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography were treated through uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). Thirty patients were combined with sub-mucous resection of the nasal septum.

[Clinic and pathological analysis the larynx leukoplakia in 74 cases].

Objective: To study the clinic and pathological features of leukoplakia of the larynx, and reduce canceration rate.

Method: Seventy-four postoperative patients of leukoplakia of the larynx were followed up for four years by telephone or clinic service.

Result: None of eighteen cases of pure leukoplakia was recurrence.

[Expression of gene BRMS1 and CD44v6 protein in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma and its clinical significance].

Objective: To investigate the expression of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) and CD44v6 protein in supraglottic cancer and to evaluate its clinical significance.

Method: The expression of BRMS1 protein and CD44v6 protein were examined by using immunohistochemical method in 70 cases of paraffin-embedded supraglottic cancer tissues and their surrounding laryngeal normal mucosa tissues (LNT).

Result: The expression of BRMS1 protein in LNT of supraglottic cancer was positive, and the positive rate was 85.

[Expression and clinical significance of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 mRNA in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the expression of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) mRNA in supraglottic cancer and to evaluate its clinical significance.

Method: The expression of BRMS1 mRNA was examined by using RT-PCR method which take beta-actin mRNA as reference template in 66 cases of supraglottic cancer tissues and their adjacent normal mucosa tissues (ANT).

Result: The expression of BRMS1 mRNA in the tissues of supraglottic cancer is lower significantly than that in the tissues of ANT ( P<0.

[Contralateral cervical lymph node metastasis in piriform sinus carcinoma].

Objective: To evaluate relative factors affecting contralateral cervical lymph node metastasis in piriform sinus carcinoma.

Methods: Ninety-six cases of piriform sinus carcinoma with no preoperative treatments were selected. The contralateral cervical lymph node metastasis and relative factors were analyzed during operation or postoperative follow-up.

[Early characters of recurred vocal cord cancers after laser cordectomy and treatment].

Objective: To explore the characters of recurred vocal cord cancer in early phase after laser cordectomy and selection of the second treatment.

Method: Five cases who had recurrence after laser cordectomy was selected and analyzed according to the scope of the tumor, operation type, recurrence time, site of recurrence.

Result: One case's had the first recurrence two months after the first operation and was treated by laser once more, and the second recurrence happened three months after the second operation and no recurrence was found within the 4 years after the third operation-extended vertical hemilaryngectomy.

[Clinical observation and histological research of vocal cord's reformation after laser cordectomy].

Objective: Explore the reformation of new vocal cord after laser cordectomy and the histological change of new vocal cord by animal experiment.

Methods: The reforming course of new vocal cord was observed by follow-up. 4 dogs underwent bilateral cordectomy (type II operation) and their larynx were analyzed anatomically and histologically eight months later.