A duplex transform heterogeneous feature fusion network for road segmentation.

Detecting roads in automatic driving environments poses a challenge due to issues such as boundary fuzziness, occlusion, and glare from light. We believe that two factors are instrumental in addressing these challenges and enhancing detection performance: global context dependency and effective feature representation that prioritizes important feature channels. To tackle these issues, we introduce DTRoadseg, a novel duplex Transformer-based heterogeneous feature fusion network designed for road segmentation.

Rh-Catalyzed Direct Heteroarylation of Unactivated C(sp)-H with -Heteroaryl Boronates.

Disclosed herein is a rhodium(III)-catalyzed direct heteroarylation reaction between unactivated aliphatic C(sp)-H bonds in 2-alkylpyridines and heteroaryl organoboron reagents. This catalytic protocol is compatible with various heterocyclic boronates containing - and -pyridine, pyrazoles, furan, and quinoline with strong coordination capability. The achievement of this methodology provides an efficient route to build new C(sp)-heteroaryl bonds.

Rh-promoted directed C-H N-heteroarylation of 2-pyridones.

A catalytic protocol for the Cp*Rh-promoted C6-selective N-heteroarylation of 2-pyridones with N-heterocyclic boronates has been successfully developed utilizing a removable pyridine auxiliary. This system features high efficiency with mild conditions and also tolerates - and -substituted pyridines, pyrazoles, pyrimidine, non-substituted quinolines, thiophene and furan well. The easy synthetic approach could potentially be applied to construct heterocyclic drug molecules bearing 2-pyridone-heteroaryl motifs.

One-Pot Construction of Heteroarylation/Esterification Products of Acrylic Acids via Iridium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation.

A carboxylate-assisted iridium(III)-catalyzed regioselective C(sp)-H heteroarylation/esterification reaction of acrylic acid is disclosed herein for the first time. This catalytic protocol tolerates various α-substituted, β-substituted, and α, β-disubstituted acrylic acids as well as heteroaromatic boronates well. The resulting 3,4-dihydro-2-pyran-6-carboxylic acid derivative highlighted the AIE-active luminophore with multiple emission signal properties and a high quantum yield of 28%, exhibiting the potential application of this methodology for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing organic functional materials.

Rh-Catalyzed C-H -Heteroarylation and Esterification Cascade of Carboxylic Acid with Organoboron Reagents and 1,2-Dichloroethane in One-Pot Synthesis.

A Rh-catalyzed C(sp)-H -heteroarylation and esterification cascade of aryl carboxylic acids with -heteroaromatic boronates and 1,2-dichloroethane in a one-pot synthesis has been disclosed. The strong coordinating ability of - and -substituted pyridine boronates and pyrazoles as well as unsubstituted pyrimidine allows them to serve as the coupling partners. This protocol allows late-stage modification of the key precursor of roflumilast and compounds of pharmaceutical interest, which highlights the potential application of this synthetic method.

The synthesis of aryl-heteroaryl derivatives the Rh-catalyzed heteroarylation of arenes and heteroaromatic boronates.

An efficient Rh-catalyzed strategy for constructing aryl-heteroaryl derivatives with removable ketoxime ether auxiliaries direct C-H heteroarylation based on arenes and heteroaromatic boronates has been disclosed. This protocol could tolerate various pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazole, thiophene, and furan heteroaromatic boronates well, providing the desired products with high reactivities and excellent regioselectivity. The easy synthetic accessibility may offer potential for application in the synthesis of heterocyclic drug molecules containing aryl-heteroaryl motifs.

Rh-Catalyzed Direct Heteroarylation of C(sp)-H and C(sp)-H Bonds in Heterocycles with -Heteroaromatic Boronates.

Herein, we disclose a Rh-catalyzed heteroarylation of C(sp)-H and C(sp)-H bonds in heterocycles with organoboron reagents. This protocol displays high efficiency and excellent functional group tolerance. A range of heterocyclic boronates with strong coordinating atoms, including pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazole, thiophene, and furan derivatives, can be extensively served as the coupling reagents.

Rh-Catalyzed C-H (Het)arylation/Vinylation of -2,6-Difluoroaryl Acrylamides.

Rh-catalyzed sp C-H cross-coupling of acrylamides with organoboron reactants has been accomplished using a commercially available -2,6-difluoroaryl acrylamide auxiliary. A broad range of aryl and vinyl boronates as well as a variety of heterocyclic boronates with strong coordinating ability can serve as the coupling partners. This transformation proceeds under moderate reaction conditions with excellent functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity.

Potential Risks Associated with Japanese Encephalitis Prevalence in Shandong Province, China.

Japanese encephalitis (JE), which is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is a zoonotic, vector-borne neurotropic disease that remains a major cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. JEV is spread to humans through mosquitoes, and its primary transmission vector is . Mosquitoes were sampled from three collection sites: Hanzhuang town in Weishan County, Taibai Lake in Jining city, and Dongping Lake in Shandong Province, China.

[Seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes and application of two surveillance tools in Taibai Lake area of Jining City].

Objective: To investigate the seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in Taibai Lake area of Jining City, and evaluate the application effects of two mosquito trapping tools (Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp and WJ-C mosquito sampler), so as to provide references for the effective surveillance, prevention and control of local mosquito vectors.

Methods: The overnight capture of mosquitoes with a man-bait net trap, Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp, and WJ-C mosquito sampler was performed to collect mosquitoes. The species of adult mosquitoes and seasonal fluctuations were investigated and analyzed.

[Analysis of population genetic diversity of mosquitoes from Shandong Province based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene fragment].

Objective: To explore the characteristics of gene sequence of mtDNA-COⅠ of from different geographical regions in Shandong Province and different resistant strains from the lab and five common mosquito species, and analyze the genetic diversity of these mosquitoes.

Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected from Jinan, Jining, Qingdao cities and other places in Shandong Province. The sensitive, dichlorvos-resistant, pyrethroid-resistant and propoxur-resistant strains were reared in the lab.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Direct Ortho C-H Arylation Using Ketone as Directing Group with Boron Reagent.

A general method for selective ortho C-H arylation of ketone, with boron reagent enabled by rhodium complexes with excellent yields, is developed. The transformation is characterized by the use of air-stable Rh catalyst, high monoarylation selectivity, and excellent yields of most of the substrates.

Epidemiological analysis of 133 malaria cases in Shanxian county, Shandong Province, China.

Objective: To conduct an analysis of the epidemiological changes in malaria that have occurred in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted and data were collected from web-based reporting system to explore the epidemiological characteristics in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. All individual case information was obtained from village malaria servicers organized by the local Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases.

Fine tuning of catalytic and sorption properties of metal-organic frameworks via in situ ligand exchange.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are gaining considerable attention not only because of their diverse structures but also due to their interesting properties and potential applications. However, fabrication of MOFs with desired structures and properties remains a great challenge. In this study, a strategy based on ligand exchange via single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation has been undertaken, which can be used to achieve MOFs not available by direct synthesis and also to enrich the family of isoreticular MOFs.

Ligand-Promoted Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed ortho-C-H Amination with Free Amines.

Ligand development for rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation reactions has largely been limited to cyclopentadienyl (Cp) based scaffolds. 2-Methylquinoline has now been identified as a feasible ligand that can coordinate to the metal center of Cp*RhCl to accelerate the cleavage of the C-H bond of N-pentafluorophenylbenzamides, providing a new structural lead for ligand design. The compatibility of this reaction with secondary free amines and anilines also overcomes the limitations of palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H amination reactions.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed meta-C-H Olefination Directed by a Nitrile Template.

A range of Rh(III)-catalyzed ortho-C-H functionalizations have been developed; however, extension of this reactivity to remote C-H functionalizations through large-ring rhodacyclic intermediates has yet to be demonstrated. Herein we report the first example of the use of a U-shaped nitrile template to direct Rh(III)-catalyzed remote meta-C-H activation via a postulated 12-membered macrocyclic intermediate. Because the ligands used for Rh(III) catalysts are significantly different from those of Pd(II) catalysts, this offers new opportunities for future development of ligand-promoted meta-C-H activation reactions.

Synthesis, structure, and magnetic and catalytic properties of metal frameworks with 2,2'-dinitro-4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate and imidazole-containing tripodal ligands.

Based on 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene (tib) and 2,2'-dinitro-4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H2dnbpdc), four new metal-organic frameworks [M3(tib)(dnbpdc)3(H2O)2] [M = Mn (1), Cd (2)], [Zn3(tib)2(dnbpdc)2.5(Hdnbpdc)]·4DEF (3), and [Cd(tib)(dnbpdc)(H2O)]·DMF·H2O (4) (DEF = N,N-diethylformamide, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) were successfully synthesized. Isomeric 1 and 2 were unusual 8-connected uninodal three-dimensional (3D) frameworks with a point symbol of {3(3)·4(15)·5(9)·6}.

Ligand-Promoted Rh(III)-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl C-H Bonds with Arylboron Reagents.

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H arylation of arenes with phenylboronic acid pinacol esters has been achieved using a readily removable N-pentafluorophenylbenzamide directing group for the first time. The use of a bidentate phosphine ligand (Binap) significantly increased the yield of the cross-coupling of C-H bonds with organoboron reagents.

Resistance Level of Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Shandong Province, China.

This study describes the aquatic habitats, species composition, and the insecticide resistance level of the mosquito Culex pipiens pallens in Shandong Province, China. A cross-sectional survey of mosquito larval habitats was conducted from May to November 2014 to determine the species composition and larval abundance. Larvae were collected using the standard dipping technique, and a total of four habitat types were sampled.

[Research Progress on the Molecular Mechanisms of Mosquito Innate Immunity].

As the important vector of the mosquito-borne diseases, mosquitos rely on their innate immune system against pathogens infection, which includes cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Both of them are interacted and coordinated, via the pattern recognition receptors, immune signaling, antimicrobial peptides, phenoloxidase-based melanization, phagocytosis, and so on. This paper reviews the research progress on the molecular mechanisms of mosquito innate immunity.

[Experimental observation on host preference of Anopheles sinensis].

Objective: To observe the host preference of Anopheles sinensis captured by outdoor human or cattle baits.

Methods: A large number of non-blood-fed An. sinensis females were collected by overnight trapping outdoor with human and cattle in the rice paddy field in Shan County of Shandong Province, and took back to the lab, and individually labeled as human baits group and cattle baits group, fed with mouse blood.

[Experimental study on cross-resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to 3 kinds of chemical pesticides].

Objective: To understand the cross-resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to common pesticides, so as to provide the evidence for improving the application of chemical pesticides.

Methods: The IV instar larvae of DDVP-resistant, propoxur-resistant and cypermethrin-resistant strains as well as the sensitive strain of Culex pipiens pallens were collected to detect the resistance to DDVP, propoxur and cypermethrin based on the WHO bioassay method.

Results: The resistance coefficients of DDVP-resistant strain to DDVP, propoxur and cypermethrin were 14.

[Sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 of sympatric populations of Anopheles sinensis of different feeding preferences].

Objective: To investigate the existence of genetic divergence of sympatric populations of Anopheles sinensis of different feeding preferences based on the rDNA-ITS2 sequence differences.

Methods: A large number of wild anopheles populations were trapped all night by man-baited net and calf-baited net that had been set up between high-density natural villages of An. sinensis populations and vector-breeding sites, from which two groups of An.

Rh(iii)-catalyzed C-H olefination of -pentafluoroaryl benzamides using air as the sole oxidant.

The oxidative olefination of a broad array of arenes and heteroarenes with a variety of activated and unactivated olefins has be achieved a rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C-H activation reaction. The use of an -pentafluorophenyl benzamide directing group is crucial for achieving catalytic turnovers in the presence of air as the sole oxidant without using a co-oxidant.