Preparation, characterization and in vitro anticoagulant activity of corn stover xylan sulfates.

A new anticoagulant agent was prepared by introducing sulfate groups into corn stover xylan through homogeneous reactions. Three organic solvents, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and formamide (FA), were adopted as reaction media, with the assistance of LiCl. Structural characterization by FT-IR and CNMR showed that xylan sulfate (XS) could be successfully synthesized with SO∙Pyridine (SO∙Py) complexes sulfation reagent in the three media.

[A rapid method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide concentration].

The present paper reported a spectrophotometry for the determination of hydrogen peroxide concentration. It is based on the reaction between ceric sulfate and hydrogen peroxide in an acidic medium, in which orange tetravalent cerium is converted to colorless trivalent cerium that causeds the change in absorbance. According to the quantitative relationship between ceric sulfate and hydrogen peroxide, the hydrogen peroxide concentration can be calculated.

[Rapid determination of silicon content in black liquor of straw fibrous material].

The present paper reports a novel method for the determination of silicon content in straw fibrous material black liquor based on alpha-Si--Mo heteropoly acid spectrophotometry. The selected conditions were as follows: detection wavelength 360 nm, pH 4.0, and reaction time 10 min.

[Rapid method for determination of furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in pre-extraction stream of biomass using UV spectroscopy].

The present paper reports a rapid method for the determination of furfural (F) and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) in pre-extraction liquors of lignocellulosic biomass based on UV spectroscopy. In a concentrated acetic acid medium, F and HMF have an isosbestic point at 276 nm. It was found that the acidic soluble lignin in the pre-extraction sample is the major interference species in the F and HMF spectroscopic quantification However, only acidic soluble lignins have the absorption at the wavelengths above 325 nm.

Novel preparation and characterization of cellulose microparticles functionalized in ionic liquids.

Ionic liquid (IL)-reconstituted acrylic acid (AA)-functionalized cellulose microparticles were successfully prepared by a water-in-oil suspension technique preliminary modification with AA in homogeneous condition. Cellulose was fully dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) IL, and subsequently was grafted homogeneously with AA and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (N,N'-MBA) initiated with ammonium persulfate. The grafted cellulose was spheroidized using white silicone oil as the dispersion medium and Span 80 as a dispersant and then reconstituted from [Bmim]Cl.

Simultaneous anaerobic-aerobic biodegradation of halogenated phenolic compound under oxygen-limited conditions.

The successful application of co-immobilized aerobic-anaerobic biomass under limited aeration in wastewater treatment systems would eliminate the problems associated with the intermediates mono-chlorophenol (MCP) and di-chlorophenol(DCP) accumulations. With low initial pentachlorophenol (PCP) concentration, all PCP could be completely removed under oxygen-limited strict anaerobic conditions, and the removal efficiencies with different initial headspace oxygen percentage (IHOP) were not obviously different from each other. While at high initial PCP concentration, under strictly anaerobic conditions PCP and their intermediates were clearly higher than that under other conditions, and produced obvious accumulation, the highest PCP reduction was achieved by the system receiving 30 IHOP, oxygen-limited system also exhibited lower residual TOC concentration and lower concentration of metabolic intermediates MCP and DCP.

Adsorption/desorption behavior between a novel amphoteric granular lignin adsorbent and reactive red K-3B in aqueous solutions.

A novel amphoteric granular lignin adsorbent (AGLA) was prepared using magnesium lignosulfonate as a raw material which was provided by a straw sulfite pulp mill in Guangdong Province, China. A reactive dye (red K-3B) was used as an adsorbate to investigate the adsorption behavior by static and mobile ways. The removal of reactive red K-3B was found to be initially pH and concentration dependent.

Coupled anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6 trichlorophenol.

Degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) with co-immobilizing anaerobic granular sludge and isolated aerobic bacterial species was studied in coupled anaerobic/aerobic integrated reactors. The synergism of aerobes and anaerobes within co-immobilized granule might facilitate degrading the TCP and exchange of anaerobic metabolites 4-CP, which promoted system organic removal efficiency and recovered from organic shock-loads more quickly. The biomass specific activities experiment further confirmed that strict anaerobes be not affected over the course of this experiment by the presence of an oxic environment, aerobic activity predominated in the outer co-immobilized granule layers, while the interior was characterized by anaerobic activity.