ZNRF1 Mediates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ubiquitination to Control Receptor Lysosomal Trafficking and Degradation.

Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is crucial for development, tissue homeostasis, and immunity. Dysregulation of EGFR signaling is associated with numerous diseases. EGFR ubiquitination and endosomal trafficking are key events that regulate the termination of EGFR signaling, but their underlying mechanisms remain obscure.

Preparation of pingyangmycin PLGA microspheres and related in vitro/in vivo studies.

Using a multiple emulsion solvent evaporation method, pingyangmycin was entrapped in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to prepare a long-acting pingyangmycin PLGA microsphere formulation that can be sustainably released with high entrapment efficiency. Meanwhile, the effects of stirring speed during the multiple emulsion solvent evaporation process were also taken into consideration. Investigation of the in vitro release properties showed that the microsphere formulations could sustainably release the drug over nearly 28 d, and, moreover, it could stably control pingyangmycin release over nearly 24 d when intramuscularly injected into dogs.